1
25
3
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/284d998d30a0ed12598be17f724b2b34.pdf
c6081ba4fae56547e2a3af1236ad881c
PDF Text
Text
�...
C
On one level,
the purpose of this pa~er is to analyze
•·f' i::t c· t: t:'.t -r· !;::. c; C) -r·1t:. r· i t:c rJ ·r:. 1 ·; ..1\_:_~) t; cf t. t···~ E:· • r:. :· t. }· .., 'J · i ~-.:
:i. iH in :i (_J r- E, ·n t: ~::• t: c:,
:::t ·1 ·, c• t.: h F·:' r l <-:.-· \-' ,-:::_, 1 :•
th E•:• pt tr· 1::, C• 1:::- (·:-:-:, c:i ·f t h :·i i:::• r: ;: ·: p ;: _;, r t: ci d s. !:::• c. u ::::• i:::. i_J r:-:, n E•:• Y· i~:1 l i:-:1 ·n d ::::-pr:·:,::: :'l. 'f :': c.
n ·::: l !·--i u c! er l c:1 CJ i c: .-::i 1 p r· er ::::i 1 (::.-! v, !::~ ~:-:• ·1 ..i c: c:i L\ r; t. E~ r t::·• ci !,•.! \·"1 i 1 E: r:, ·1 i iJ ,:·:·{ (_:J i ·i .., '.:.:J i r, t. l·--1 1 ::~t >., p r.:.-:• o ·f h i ':::• t o r· 1 c: i::.:1 1 !::,- ei c: :i. o \ 1::i :;_:i i c: i::\ 1 r· E· s::-f::• ::·\ r- c:: h ,.
}·· , i ~:: . t: l:_r ·
1 ••
c: -=·:·:r J ~:: . t) c: 1 c:: 1 ;::, t.~.:J :t c· !·::·t l
:'i.
r) E•:• "f" :t. Ct ci
1
i rn s'fl 1 (_:j ·c· :'i:'i t:. i () ·1 •• () "f r::i -r· i rn ,: ·:· 'i . \i c: I.) ·r··j c-. <-:-:-:- ·r· "r"'J :·, ·1 ..: t: t.., 1 ~:::.
l 13 E~ () ;: ~:: . ·t,: Ct l ,: _; ;:.~:~ l.~.
•·r -r· C:<t rn t: 1··1 E•: t:.:i E-:: {;_:i :·;, r·, r; i
··f' t.- !•·~ E~
p t-:• r· :';_ 0 c\ C' f 11 ·r·, (·'.'.' \Al i ffl ffl :'i_ q f' ,~·1 t :i. D i'"! 11 :i. r·: ('., ffr F· f' :J. C:. -::':I '(j :J. i'i'i ''i"I :'i. c;_i Y" •:::·1 t i C:, f'i ;"'J . , !:::, t ;--, f' \/
u. ri t j_ 1 ).: J·--, r-:• I mrn i iJ r i:·\ t: :i. c:< f'! (1c !·_: c:, ·::· l ~);:?t:.;. i, v,1h E•r·, E:,. 1 1 :i. n:n, :i. u r· E; t :'J. on t 1:,
t !···, L U ·n i t E:• d f: t E:·1 t 10: •:,::, h E·: c:: d rr, E-:1 !:!:- u b j F:'::• c: t "t'. ei r E·:-: ':::- t :': :::: t -'t \/ <·:.·• q u ei t -::":1 :::: ,
(, J1--·; i J c-:-:, t: h Fi• rn E.t ._·! c:1 r· i t: \' c ·f E·:' e:·1 .. 1 \/ ,::\ r· i::' ::::i :t rn iH :i. <.J ·r· E:'1 n t : : - +.: c th~-,' L.l . , .'1. t t:::· d
'.::::it E:1 t c.-::-:•!:::• c ,::·,rn1-:-::: du r :i. ·n(_:J t 1--·, ii:::- p 1::.-,r· :i. c :::i d 'f'';ci c ,:·:1ff1E~ ....:· (' c. ir1 Cir· c: ;::; t F:•Y-- '.:3-..,,, 1" '!. ..-,.1 i,
( v.J l·"1 1 :::: i·"1 t: h c·· i'"1 J. f'1 c: 1 i...\ d i·?.-) d p r r-:· ~:: E-:• r·, +.: ..... d •-1 '/ '.J ·/ ·r· i E·'i. :• !.... ',:!•:· b i::·, "1 c:i n !l r:· E• J. E· 1:,:. t: :i n i:'· i'
-:':':'t. r·~ cl
:J <) r· cl ·::·! Y"i ) :1 r:, ~·:·:·1 -r· 1 \/ i·..i :~. ~:::. l c:1 'f'' -~ ··::: {·::-.. :; y-· r-:·! c: t::i r· r:i ~:: . c} Ct c: tJ in r:-- ·i ·!~ ·t. }. ·s {•:-:: .E:'~) .. -r· :; \/ .: ·.-, l
Ct ·r· [) -t:.: i...! r::. r· (:·~-i r· E:\ t) ~::. L) F:: "f {) }"" r:.:·:
t: 1..., J s::. t: i rn f·:·
'T' i···~ t;.~:
1
j'.:) E.'t
r:i r:-:, r
i ~::;, t: i··1 ;'E·:
1
].
{°::i.
Ci ·r
t.: i•:·:•:
1
~J
1
~···1 {_;~
:(
1 ·,
1
c: ::~1 r:·; t
t:·i.
1
1
r·t t::l ··r
tc
1
ll
E·! ~:::. ~:::. t:-:~, 1 -~·:·:·t -r· ;· · i \/ i ·• ··i l] ··f' r· c1 ro i:':·, t) ·r· <:'.! i::t c: \l•.:. {·::·t ~:::- y-· E·::, t::~ tJ i ·l .. r:-! ct
t:. c1
t h ;~: • :! c, c :.-:._ 1 c C• 'l. J E:·! c:: t o r· o /" c 'u. ~'~ +.: c, rn !:::- Et 1 :i. '::: t o f
t::t.
d !·::-:• 1 :i. .,__.. ,.-:!-": i"
\/
."t -r·s "{ c, ·r· rn t·::·t t~ :i. t".:i ·: ..1 t,'-;? <::·{ ~::;
~:.:i i::· ::....:;:. E•:' cl cj r·J t: c:i
t: •·•, ,.:.:-:, f) ft~ r) E:; ·"'· 'l':. rn ~:•:·:• 'f'"; t:. Ct ··f ':::'. t: ~'.·:·1 t; <-:-:-:, :::":, ~.. ·z c:!
}:) r· t"..... :;:~ <-:-:·, r·i t: c-:, c:t t: c, c:: c:< r·l (Jr· E-:• ·:;::. ~=: t::r \/ t.: 1..., <-::: :::::: ~...,., c: r · t:~:1t: ,:-:·1. r· ·_:/ () ·f ·f~:: ·L <':.i. t: f._., ..1. }.. ., t.: i. ·1 E-'•
r~j r·s f'f t.l <~·:i 1 r·, E·: C: r· t; ·::;:. C) '{ .. I rn n~ 'l. t.,:_:} r· ii;·<. ·t-: i :::: .. ,
r·1 J ~:: : !:}.:.{ <:':} :; i.:~J i l 1 -'t i:":'t j f1 ..-.-.r
:c{ ;· . c· r:..i t.J"t' F:., 1 1 ='· ~'.::. J·..J i ~:: . t c1 r· ·~/ (:i ··f I ,n rn j_ {J r· t:·.t t j Ct .f ..~ t.: c:1 t: i~..i z:::... tJ r·1 ·i. ·i-- ;:-::· c:~ E:, t: {::<. t: {•:-:-: ~::: ~1 1 E~ J r? .....
1 ()
r:;~ (:::. [) C) ,-·
l:; r
1
J
11
t~ ~~.;. {) 'f"i I rn rn :) {_] 1'" -::":\ t: 1 C< '(j •➔·:· r ·l·_~ f.. t·\ t· r:i ;: •:-:, }"' i C:< ci ~~
i t !-:. (::;'. d t c:i t h c: '.: :1 ;:(:• c.: ·t· F::-'.' t :': ·: ;. '}/ ei ·-r ~3 t: E\ t. E:• h /
i:) ·1 ·; i:::• rj'1
{)
l
JI
[
f'.f i•:\ =-:::. ~::. 'i.•:-:, ';""'j (j <~:-": .....
i.~'t t"_) ~:::.
-t: f
t:• . c:
{"_: ~:::.
c u ::::- t u :n '::=• c c, J l (,:? c t o i'.. ",:.
,.
�q E::· n•::::• 1" i::1 1 ·, th E:• u ~=: c· o ·f h i '.:::. t r:i r· J. c: i:,, J di.:.•,:· urr. 1::;,, n t· '::. b ·., ,:"
ti:~. i:_;} i~~ t !·, t::~ r·
f o ,.. ff1,'::1 t :i. c:, ·n c: ,;;1 ·1 .., LE:• pr b 1 e.-:,,;,;;:, ·1:: :i. c:. ..
·ri··i F~
r· E:·:· i:::. c:-• ;:: r· c.: h c ·,- in u !~:- t v.i c:, f" I : v.i i th d ,::i t i::\ ,~· ~:= i t.: l·..1P1 '.:::- i::t J r.. t=·: •··\ cl y h c-:· r::- 1·1
... ... .
-~;;·,l::.1-:.·•;:_1;)...-:1 :-:: c-::d l:::1·/ otr·1F:i .. !:~-:1 i:--,·fte:.---, ·fc,y-· pur·r•o::::f:':::::. clOi. i·Y(7:·•r(·Z··nt ·fr·c11J": :,.,
"
It::!
r-· ;:::- i::: c:.::- ::·.-, 1.. ;.::: I· .., !i.·:·:· , .. ·• !::,. c, 1,...... i p u r· i:::i •~·1 ~:. r-:-:- ,
J t ·1 :J ,:-:\ r· t i c: ..t l ,::1 -r· =' +. i' ·1 <'::".• u i:,; c:· c, f
n f ·f :~ c i E1 l :'I in rn X CJ r i::1 t: :'!. ei ·1 .., r · E•:• c: C) : ·· d ~~- l c, 1) l:::i t. c·•1 'l. ·i-·1 .1. r, 'f ci ; · n, i:·:1 t: J c-1 -r·1 i::1 b 1:.i L t;
'i:::..-~·d · J \:' '.:>/ r- :\. . . :i. r-·1 ·-(:H.. 1:·.J.::i :i. ro iT, } q r t\ n t ?·; t o t J--·, i-:-:-:· U ·n 1 t: E:i cl F; t 2, ·1:. c~ ::::. ·, ,: :.
r:i T' 0 h F:::• IT! i:':I +: :°t c: ·f Ct·:-· ~~ i~. \/ E:· r B. :l Y- E: r~\ r.:: C:: i"i f::. ;I f'I Ci -!-_: \; !·--, C:• t I'::, ::·:1 <:: -t: Ct f' \.\\ h } C: ,..., ~ ~::
th F· f d c t: I.: h -:::\ t: r E·• i:~. po n ~i:- i b :i 1 \ t. / f c:, ·1 • I : E-: Er.::, i y-·, q r· r:-: :::. o .,-· d :,::- r.:i -r· E·· J j_ E:• i" ..,
i::i ·1 ...,... :'i. \, (;:\ 1 !~:
C: l ·, -~:i. ·c·, (_J f;:. cl l..., ;-: r·, cl :::: ;::·• ·f t:• h! t 1. rn Ei !;:'..
:'l '('; t :--·1 f::• ~ ··: ~:1 ·;-· 1 \/ d E~ c:: e;! d F·! ::: .,
I i'/l/li 1 qr· i:·\ t: :i. Ctn ~~.:-t" ·:.-._ ·,: i :::;-tic::\::: !-•JC·: i'" ;-7: j=· Ci ffq'.:i i 1 E·:C.! u \-' th E•:• Dnri i°-l i" t PiP i-·. t Ci -f
t:> t: •E:i t. (~_:, "f ·1 ·• {) srf :i :~: ~ i? () t· (.! 1 t:~ ,./ () ') 1J ~=_.., t: t·..1 c-::.-:, r ,. . r-: .;:·:, -~:.Lt.,... -~-/ ·1) r-: ~:.) ~::1 ·f ·t. rn F~• r·: t: E:< •J ·r" <-::1 i:·~-, t i
n ·f :::; t: 1:::1 t: ·1• i:::• t j_ c: !:,; ·f ,... ei rn 1 H L ')' t; o :i. D t? 1·~:.i ,, ii\ n <:.! h \/ i::, :::: ,~:-: 1.::i ~:,. r 1: 1 ·!~ c:, 1 : \ .t r· r-• i::'t u · ·f
I n
~== <· 1 i~: :1.
o]
c, i~) 1 i:::- t
c:1
1•
1
L
lrnrr.iqri::,t. c,fi ·f·i"Ctff1 I.E':'.?-.? c,·nt.'J::,rc! ..
T:··,r::• :'l.·J--;C:on<:~.J.'.,::·t:E:r1c::-._1 D'f iPf?.••thc:1c:l
i C.: h C, f IF: !/,1 c:, U J cl t::' ,·; f:: i':'.·! C: t_: t_: 0 f' i r·, cl d rti C ·, ! (_:I t j·· I C• '.:;: r:.-:• d J ·f --:'· t:•:• ( {·? 1 I '! ·1·:
JD\; F• ,... 'j'"1i'l'l\:7.•·1 ..1 !· :.. ·ff\ CC:·:•'.::: :: ':::;- E:• /:I.cl i"•C. E? -J t::, .•'
{:; I··, E:· C (..1 ,np ··:\ ·1 :i. i::: c, ·,·1 ,) ·f
f E:•cc,r.. r!:::; o·r tht:: ·r ,"'(·~•:•,::·:1!:::-!...l('\/ D1ap,:::,, .. ;._:n.,.:,··:t: to thn~:;.t! c:,-r· t! . ·:f:-:'
[ rnm '.i. q·,- ii t :I.() r, :uu·i- E-ii::•U 'i' •.::, f' th F: ,/E~r r· !::: 'i Hr..;:•'._? t c, ·, F' :)~::; 1 '•.1;· !I·~:·:'; -1-.h C• :I·: ..
·f u nc: t i c:, n i:::• \::i ...... i•:=::• t· 1 ,::q::. p E•:•c.l ,.
r:· c ,- t. !·, c:· !::. c--:.· \/ t:! :::i r· ~=: '.' t. !···, c-.. t: c:, t 1~:i 1 ·r J q u :·· . ·=~ .. •··t
t.: h 1..:· U·f f :i. 1::: F: o -f' ·i: rr, rn . !. i::J r ,::' ·!·: :i. 1..• , ·: 1 ,, f:.• ·i • (~::, -==~ r, ,. . i:::: ·: .., t- r:1 C: -~ Cl!···, t: p c-:·, ·· c: \'.::: "i ··it l Ct c,\l 1 ., ·, ·•
!..,.: \ °I
1.::.-:•
1
c:: o I i'i, r, c ·1 ..1 t
t. i..·i f? ::::. t: u d y Ct ·f i·-:., ::;1 r- 1 l :i. mrn , (_;} ·, , ;; ,.: ,. ei ~, :1 n c:: !. 1J d f·.! ;:
l )pr--eiblE-:,rn 1:::- :'!.·,··, c:!1-:-:-:·t.F• 1--ro1n1·nq th<::• n .trr,br:. r· : -F :i.,H,nj ;1r-;:.·1r·1t- i:-:,r· ··1vi:-.,.:i. 1:::.;;
;::.'..\pr-ciblt£•1n·::::• :tr·, c:1;::\i::;•:~i-f ,. 'i. ·i:J :i.inrn:i.(JY"i::,r·t!::i hv cei 1 ·.·It·····". :; ;:':tnr:I
'.J )pr- ..•i:::i1Eim:::- :i.r·, c:!<·?:!t:~-:•r 1ni: :i.r·,~:...i thE· pr-c:ii,:·1,.::1 t1 .,i"· of +. '···:c:• -fc:,,·F•i<_:_:ir,····bc.11 1 1
r::i c:, r:1 i...l !. -::':It .i. I= . .,. ..i f, .. :·:, m i::'\ ;·· ;:·:·• I. t- : ~~ i .! 1 i:::. I • C: C l ' ' t: ,·· / .,
·, ·1···, : ':::: 1:_:• ;::) Ct i-::, J F• IL<::: ;::', r· :-·.·
d .!. ~~ C. i .\ <::;;:;;.I::.:• d i (i c:l {•::• t '.i. l 1:-·• :::: l· h C?. ·:. · r.. ;~: -\-, ( ' ·, ·! {.I l·; l··, r:: i:~, h.:, d y Cr·;:· i~:·, i::'\ ';"' J \/
~::! ·'/ r . ;::, ,. ,· · P: r D !:::i :;. 1!·, m 1 i_:_:.1 ·, ·· ,_·.-.1 , ·1 -t: ~= ·· ei i-, 1 1 '·~:• t! ·, ..1 .1. 1-_ F:' ,.:l (:; l ::·:1 t r:.• -~-. ,.
1
:
0
:'.
dr·-r·:i·•/r).i.·::::. h\i \/C~ 1::: 1:::.c:•.i. t,t (.\l·::.i:··nt:'l.c!! Fi,.,i}·f,, i:'.1r,c! 1:::1t(::.''f" F't1r::ific:
r-· t.: r.~:- 1,.•.1r.~:r ;::·! r· 1:.~:p or· t: c:d ..
C:::c, Lt n t- i .-,o i:-:, ,-· ... ·j v ,:· 1 ~~- i:'·\ t 1 ·:·'1 r;d h n r· cl <:-:·:r· !:': !. ti~\ 1:::.
·1 ·i r : t
;·-- t:;:• q u i , · <-:::· c:I !::: ·y i::.-:• i-::1 ,· • 1 :, · :i. 1T1 rn 'i J ·: ·· E1 t; i ei r·, .:":,. c:: t -~: - -:::i ·r·1c.l cl :·i d ·, i c:i t ,::, p p r c.i i~• c I",
<.::omp:lc-:•l.:i:-:·~'f)f'.7'•~=-~~- tl·..-;t:i:l i:'·'t·ftE::•r·· Jq;')l;-,,
~::\'i.,·c-,-:• Et f1Lt,nbr:•r~ o·F 'i::;yiir··\n··
i·'.\,·,;:th i,n,r1'iCJi i::i'i ..;t::::- c:·;·'!-!::c~:•ri:-::·:•c:! thE• L.iriitud bt:n1t.:.'.:-:,:::.
Uffl Ci:·:~;l<:'1.C:ii::\11 . 1. I:
1r, tE,; t
b F:· ,:-t d rn . t tr-.:-:· d t (··1 i::d.: ·!:: I·": y:::• ; <:.: ,1i ·"i. q h t.. \..1 .:":1 v C::' h (·~·:• :::.:, :·1 t h c '.::: -::: \.·., h ei
\:.-::·i .., ·t: [:,·, ·· (•:-:=. cJ t: !···i i ·:::. t..~.ic·:\ \l 1:) E-::., ;-:· .:) -r· t:-:, l -:-~) <) t,. t::i i. ~ t:
t: !•··1 t:-::~ 1 r· i.. , t.\ 1"i·; t::t <·-=·:· ! <... E'.! r·1 f•·~ ·::t ·t IJ (·:-:-:,
j r:.-:-:• t f:·:• r· /'ii :"!. r·; C: cl ·f :.. Ci iT1 Ct ·f. r :'i. ,:: . , r.:\ l r· {•:-:-:, c.. (.! 1.. d :'.;;. "
,Jc:,
·r;
:::, r· .. i .., ·:·:·1 l 1 ::. 1,-; 1--· c:
1 , ·• t· E) 1.., ,.:! (:::, d
t ·:· 1 • F:.' ,n '"::1 1 ·, ·,
th'.:,i:,:E• :..;ho c1:·1c:: ..-iot 1,,:..-~:;!::: i"icit bl-'::_.1_-_:_;:tr"i
I . r: 1·: 1 1
.I. '}uh "
J 'i'i t i···i ~·:1 t: ./ (;:-:, ,~) (' ., t::\ I I° :i. V :i. ·1 H] ;:';1 l j_ f:? !'I!:::. v\! :::· •. ::! ,.:: :!. d ':;;. '..:i :: y i '.·?• d
Z:~.:. t:h(-:;:r-· ,:. ,!~:- j r',rnj qr·i:·1·nt·:~: '.' t-l··:c• ~:,E-:· ~..-1ho i c·,tr::,·,·1df:::d tc:, ~~;c,·t···!· J<-~·· i !'1 tl··,r::,
;1•n1.t:~:?cl ~:~t:;;:1\":::~!:::, L·,- r·1c'.!;1·-·irr1ini!J'i"E1·c·,t:;::;,i thc1!:::r:, 1f:··i£::t di':i ·1 .., 1::,t \,-·1!:e;"d
~-: .::1 ::::-E:• t: t }. E·~ "
u f f j_ C :'!. :;'.\ 1 )" •c.-:• C Ci(' cl f~i C:• ·f E 1T1 i q .,. . -.~:it :'i Cr-, \.·.\(-:'.: f" !::::• rn i::\ c:: :::·•
p(::i'·:.:::::':.bJc:-:• b\' thF! In!rr,:'lq·1··;::,t:J.o·,··1 (\c::t. o·f I. ·;;0•7,
'..::~.'1.:r,:1 :i i::1•,·· t c1 t.'."-1(··:.'
F' i::i ====· f:: ·n ,;_:i I::::• r· P, c t i::;1 (:-:1 ~-:: :::,.Ed ,;"Jc, r· 1:.·:, .1 .: • ·1 i:·\ ·;---, E:, i <.J h t 1:i ::.:;: c: t7·\ cl r·· r.~:. F• ,::1 i"" ] j i·::, f" :i i. +:
I' E• q u 'l. ,·· c ci E1 .i 1 ::::- t: l":1 .::1 ff, \:: h .'t p c: c, ff, p c1 , . i :·, i:·.! ::::• c .::• r , \l :i n <.:: c: ·.: .: p rj i · l::. ::. r1 q r..:.. ::. 'i ,·:! ·n ':::
t- D p -r· r· v' J ;:Jc:· 1 i :=::- !:. !::; ~; l rn :i. J i::'l f.. t: r.:i t. h ci !:'~-<:::• ,· E: q u i r c:d .. ·:· c, :-· i:-·1 r r· j \.-' :i r1q
::;, .t '\. ;.,,:, ·,·1i::;
r1···, E·!'{ .. c;,·f Ct·;·· 1:: !l ·'·.. h c, ,·· ;.';'! -l-.:1:7:• C:1 -1' .,. '.:::- tl, I i·, C• f :::;\/ 1 ;::, y·, ··(\ I a.L
D ·l -~=: t. :i. ·, · q i..!
1·, ..1 th ❖:-:-:•
!. .lr;'.i.'t"E:·d
l ::::• h
i ·, ·1q
ti E· t-; •.•.t <::~· ❖:::· i ·:
\3l·,-::1.tF:!:::• :::\nd
1::·::
I
i"
�:i. :r, i'l'i 1 (~.! r· -~·:, r\ t !:::
\:::: ,.: :., -r· i c)
c:
<)
r
·!·.: D
t I· i {·:·::• !···1 c, iTI c::::: 1 i::\ n r:i c:: i:·:-.. n o n 1 ·/ b 1:::,
1 S:) (_j <:J ..... i C) r.? ,:'+ ,,
i:":\ i"'"i i~.,
:l. \ .....'.'. r-:· d
-f
•1
Ct
•••.•
.t 1::l ·:::.
t: h c,
r·
-:::. ·1. ,··
·i. ,,.. ;:°:\
L-1-f
ti-:-·:·,··
1 '.:·~
I•
r•••
,·:·:t."s"'1Ci c:I···:-:·::!.-r·1\_JE:.~,~=:'.. i r·i r:{{) 1 it· i c:.::·:t l
t:)C)i,)°('fCJi::\i" :'t f:-:,~:::. rn.:·:·:·\?•::(-~,
i n ·f c, r· !Ti,::·:\ t i (_; Ti F' E·.· r· t i.~\ -.i. ·n i n <.J t: C< c <•:-.-:· r· t: i,:1. i r·i c:: o u r·1 t f .. i r.:• :,::. r, c, t c. () in r:.· ::·\ r· .-:,1.i:::i 1 :,:?
n \/ c:· r· t i rn F: ,.
:o E:1 t.: F:: o ·, ·°I ~:-; ·/ r \ ··:1 y-·, ····· (!1 r· Et l:::i 1. ff; ffi :"t l.J Y 1::1 t i c:. r-1 ii:·1 ·i · c, r• .::=, ·r· -t. i c.: 1.. 1 ,;:1 -r "i. \'
sensiti~e to this problPm.
T"E~(){)'j" .. t;E-!Ci
i_
t: h ;;:\ t t:. i rn E• i:·:<. p r·· ~:i \/ j_ °f"' c: <::·:· c ·f t h E·:· T \ -r k :i. i:::. h U t t D ff1 ,:":t n 1::-· ff1 p :i. r E· 11 ,:"i, n d n- - ~: r, . ,.1
i .::t f'i ::::. }..·1 E: ·1 c! ··r tJ r· h: i ~:: . j· ·1 }::J E:·t ~::;. :::;\ f') ~::i ·1 t: ~::; ,,
:::; \l r· i E:·i
l,\~ -:":;\ <;;:. r·i {) '(; E:'< r! {j F.:! ct -:·:·:·1 ;::~- <·:·:!
1
i:,:• --:-:• p ::·:\ r i;:1 t Fi c: E, t: E-:, i_._:j c. :... .,. u n t :i. 1 :i. ::/ ;_:_~ •\ :1 v..1 -·1 ,::.-. r··, :i ·n c.. r· F::.• .:~.°\ ·=~: :"i. n <J r·· urn!:::, ;E, r i::: c:, ·f
~'.3 \l r·· :°L r·: \ !H rn i {_J \'" ,::\ r··, !·:. ~::~- ~-\! Eit ·1 •• r· ;::·t r·1 °t: E·! Ci c·:°l ·::. ·:-::, J:) -:': ~ r· -i:":'i '\"; f•:-:; c: } ,:·:;·.! :::::. ~:::. :'J. ·f i C. ,;:·:·~ '\'; i Ct ~-· 1 "
::::; \/ -c·
1
-::":"1.
i n Dr:-:• t r·,r· rr, :i. ·n i nq the· F·r r 1 ::··,o r· t: :i. c, n c, ·f th c.· r::·o r
F· o F' ,.J 1 i:":·, -1--. ·i. 1::i ·, ..i ·f r i'.:! rr1 i::i F' i:·:·1 ·, ·• t. i c 1...1 l ::·:·1 r· C: o 1...1. Y..1t ·, · y'
r: r-· ei b 1 '<i·:ff1·:::)
<·:·:i•
i c_'.! r"i ····:Her· ·n
·r h E·: ::::- t ;=:1 t i \,~- t :i ..:· ::,; o n c:: cu ·n t: r· \/ C:! ··f b i r· "\ h i:":1. r· ':::• :::i F· r·, c:-:• .,..- i~' : . 1 --::.: b i::\ :::: E:• ci
t~ j' .., c::: \:::t C) J :'l. t: :°L C: -:·:·:·; J t::: () L1 ·r·1 ct i::l y-· :·1 {·: .-:, ~;:~ C) ··f "ff) '(' (·:•:-:, i t_:t t·i r·; i::~ ·l"; i i) ·• ··1 ~:.:. C·:•:• >~ ·\. :;:;. '"\'.: i r·1
t~
t.: i'"t E·: c! i:-.-.. t: {:::•! {) "f t: 1"·, (•:•:-:, cj t:•:·: C'. {·?.•:· r·i ('1 i {:' .~ J. r· (•:•:•: r·, -~::. t .l ;!::.
r:,{ •::~ c: E~\ L\ ~~- {·:-::, () "f !:::~ C< t.t f'°JCJ E:"\ r· ~/
1)
'i ··,
,:_:_:J
1
1
1
;::·:.
/I
:::i t :i. ·=:::. t i c~. ·: : - c:i ·1 ··1 cc, u r-1 t r - :,. u ·f t::l :i. r ·!·· h c f \-.: h ,::•:: f c:1 Y· 1-:-.-:, i CJ r1 L:i D 1· ·n ,:::1 r· f!.:•
c-:, n i::-°:' r·· i::·• 1 J \'' Ct I" ·1 1 -:,. .- ,:.-1 ·,.; i:"·"i :i. 1 i:":, b J r ·f r") i • t: !·--, ei !::: F• ·f r-· D :I I c: c u. ,.-·1 t r-· :i. c~· ::,i- l·· i ,~:°\-... · :"I. 1· i {_J ,.,i. t
t: \"": {•:•:-: ·t i nf ,..:-:: C1 ·f' t: i'": (~~-! c:· (-:-:-: -~-..(~:: . {J. t:;:. (;°:I. 1:::. {•:•:-:, r:1 ,:':', y-- t· ,; ':( t:. F::·! F) /) l :'t. t·. :i. c: ,-~·!_ l {,: : )""i ·t } t: .>,,
c:, r c:-:· E1 t i•:-:-:· r· ~:::; \/ r· :i. E-\ v,1 ::·,\ ::::- p ,t:·t r t ci ·f t: -i <-::-:• T 1. .,. r- k :i. :~:- h c::i t t cm .-::":i. r, F n; F j r c-.. u n I::. :i. "\
t:hr::=, E·nd i::1·f hleirJd L,.li:":·,r J..
,'\·fti.-:-:c:r· t:hii:\t,; C:i::i·,··,trc,.1 D\/E:·1·· \31··r~i:":t"t<-::·:•i··
·::::• .1.:.
1_:_:;
n
1
tei di':::t . .:i·1·t1c!; .., ;°:";t,Y--1c:! :"i.r1C::DY""•'::.,i ::;-tE•:·r·1c\/
b\/i"- :·i. i:;!. n···· (·if· i~(i:::, } rnn: i u ,. E\ (" t ::::- n
}E,ci
0
ir-1
er·f·F\c\c·:11
·,··c-:•!C::Cr1··d,:::- c:i·f
r~t r· c, t) 1 E-:, rn t;;; ,,..\1 ..1. t~ t·•·1 c:, "f ·f :"i. c: i <::, J r· t::•! c: ci ·r· ci ~::~ ·r·i <::i t: 1A} i t· i-..~ ~:::. t: i::\ r·i ci :'J. "r"i CJ i1
i r·, -r <) r.. tT1 ~=·:"~ t: }. ci ···1 c: r.., E·:' -:":':\ 1 ·y.. f:) y r·· i ;:·:·\ r·1 ····· ;J ·r· ~-.-l t'.:I i rn rn 1 ~j ·c .::·:\ r·i t: !:::. i_.. {::i t: ~--·i <·::.' l..J ri i +.: E. :cl
,::::; t; ;.:;{_ t· (-: -: ~=::. c:: c·::~ '('j l:::: \·.-' ··f {) .J. -r·· ct \ ·r·1 ~::~. c: j· ·1 Ct 1 ~·: '{ r· :L \l I:) c:c C:t b: :~:. Ct ··f t: ,..., (:~·, ·\-· 1.-:-::,·r· i::·, [i i'"J
I "!°"°I I n t 1-:-:-:· r· ·n •::":°l t :"I. o t·! i:-:\ 1 i---·i :i. c_:; 1·• Z::°I. t: 1 e; c1 •::::- ii \lo ] ; \ rn f!•:• :l ::
rn ·i. u r i::\ t i on "
r; t i:":"i t :i. •::::- +:. i c:: \:::- ,, ·f --i. T' ,:::- +: p u. I:::, J :i. 1:'.: j·--i '·::·•cl :"I i ..l :l. ') t?. C/ ;l i n ·r Ctr ,n ~:·:\ t: :i. Ci ("; C "( ..; ~::) \' r :i. -::":, n
'.:::. u i:::i .-1 i:::: c: t t: o t: i 1F! r· E:• '.:::- t f. :i. c: t i c:< f .., !:~- cl :i. ::::. c:: u ::::. i:::-c:- d c• i:":"1. r 1 :i. c-:-: r :1
1
·t
1
I I c· Cr 1 1 E: ,J ':::. E·! ·::::. t~ \"! :._,::_:, cl f:~:t iB C:1 {:;_l ~·:·:·i r·! !"--i i c: -'t r·, "f () ·r· rn t'·) t: :"i. {) °I' ·;
C: 0 n t -::i. '.°t
t (; (::•:· "/ c:, a r- ····· J:::, \/ ···· y 2::· 2·:I y·· (.: : ":"\ l:::i 1 F• ::~- ·f Ci I...\ r, c:! :i f°i r:· E·:' r-- I?.-:·! ·, C: :,' :; ;, ::::.
t::i :::. C:1 f< f) C-? '{" '\': E:·i i ·1 ··t :°:. t·i i] t. Ci E:; ')/ "J'" \ i:':·, ; ..i :'l, rn ;p. i ~~J \" (:·:·i t··,
··f () ·r· 'l'.' !"·: E•:-: l:··~ {:"::• ·r· i :) c:! J fJ C? ,::_~-1
l r'.'..? ;::.·;~ .:"+ i f) t: Cr ~~:. ~..l. !::j t.: i::, l:) J E·:· ::::. ~;:~.1..1C) \i•,J :'t r·: <.:.:,1 'i_',: () ·\'_: ~·:::t 1 ·;:::. ·f' c, r· t:. f· i (·::,. t: r:~ ~-::.=_; ...•• ')/ \"'!::j E:~ \•·• r:! {': -:, r· 1 Cl ct ,:
I ·1 --; ·f c:1 r ffj ;;-:1. t i c "i ..i l c:i !::: +: :"i. ·n : .: i·--1 !:•:• p :-· :::i c E· ::::. '::::. c ·f i:::: c 1 :!. ,:·:,, p !:::. i. ·1 --1 CJ t !·--1 r!• •:::, F°' t 'i,"t. b 1 i:::.' !:::
I rn (f: .'t (_;J r
t: ~;. Ci ·r·i ,~
f°I E:' cl
-j_ ( ..'.
,::·:•l
.. r- : :·:~ l::)
l
i:.:-::
0
J ••
\
1
t"_: ~:::.
0
�:i. t·1 cl :i. c i::·1 ti-::-:•(:,:- t !···1 i::1 ·1·: ,-:;: t:·1 r 1 \/ E;; ·/ r· i i::"1 ·n · (~1 r-- i::1 h i ff m ). i:;_:i ,··· i::1 t i. c.1 r·1 pc:• E\ k f'.-:' c:l j i...i i:::. t:
F5 r· i {'.:! r· -1::. er t-\1 Ct y·· 1 c~ t\t :·:':l ·r· I :\ t · f:-:: E:1. c: t· ..j ·;. t·, (~J i:·:·t 1 rn c:; ·::::. ·!·.: l () :1 () (; c~ j:) {:::4 r· ·:/ F. , ,·t:"~ ·r· ,,
:o t...t r i ·n C_:j t. h E· V'-' ,:::\ r· \; (·?::• i::1 r ::::- , .i. m;n j_ q f. !~·1 t j_ c q p 1 t I rn rr1 f·• t: t c:· cl t c rn c• 1 i-:-:-:•
ci \/ C-:·: r··
Th E-:• :"l ·1 "i "f Ci ·1 . ffl ·::! t :I. C:t ·n p r E-:· :=::, (-:-::, ·n t E·: d
J () 0 ,, (') 0 ()
r-· i i::\ ·n ..... (::, r i::l b i,::. a. c r- :i
i
r: "/
r-1
\; f::: c
·r i::i h 1 E:•
I I :I. ·n d :i. C ,::1 t 1-:-:-:• '.:::• t. h D t
i ·n th E·:· t..J n :i. t <•:-::• c.l n t: ,:·:, t: <:::• !:::.
the r1 !i-J o ,. . 1c:.:• ·--·1 c: E• m<:-:-:• ,.
r 1·--1 i!.:: rn i::\ j c r· i t \/ c, ·f L, y· r· \ Et n j n1 Ti i c:1··•• ,::< "J"; t: ;:,:- v,1 !-:"_., r E.
t~i r-:, t: 1,.,; ~=~-! r:-:.-:, ., .. •i·• \··-~ E-:, E:1 {_::_; f:.-! :.:;:. <) ··f l l.;. •::·:•i. "f··, cl l.~- /+ ·y-- (-:::.· .:':·:·=. ·r· ~:::.
t; J···i c, t t. i.] ~..": 1r; Ct ::::. t:.
:1 T, r:i :i. {_J r· i:"t n ~\ 1:i d i c:l n c., t ~~:- p {:::; c:. :"; ·f '/ •::i r·1 o c: c:: u. F.:i ~-<. •1·· ·.-1. c. ,--1 !! rn c, '.,::- l:.: c:i f t 1-·. n ·'.=~ r::• ,. ·, !· , c:i
1
It
( - ~, }
:~: . rn i:':t l 1 {·:-: • r· i:·1 r:·: r· c: <-:-::., r ·1 t.: t'°\1 c-:•:·! t· :.:::::, c: :!. ,:::·t. ·;:::. ·::::. :·1 ·f · "J. r.-:· c:I i\ ::::. t::i F.:.-:, i r·1 ,~:.:. i r·!
f c, ] 1 o \,•.!:-?cl h ·/ -1:: i· ·1 Ct !:::-F! 1 r·1 :i. r-1 c:i u ::::- t y·· "/ :i f :"l. r·1 i::'- i ··: c: <-::::• '} E:< T"i d
J F::: i,::- !,,:. t h i,:i. ·n o ·n r::, p F:! -r· c: E\• r··1 t: c:i ·f ·1 mrn i q r i:"·\ r·1 t: ::::• i:t. t t h i:,<. t:
1
i c\ {-;:_,:, 1"! c: (•:-: , :i. E~- 'f .. E~ f) C) f" t: (•:•:~, cj i1 () '•.../ {·:-:: c·
::·:! :t t; }"·1c, :.J ~;J }"·!
1 t~ iT, Lt ~:::. t: t:) r::, y-· <-:-:-:, i t: c-:~, r· E:·t
"i" {-:::~' ~~:.
1
.-.:_;i ~-::·
i·: (-:::, cJ
~:.<,
C~ i~\ fO C:.·:
1
·!:. }.. 1 i::i ·l·:
·f' r· C:· rn
~:::; \ . r· i <·:·:·!
E·\ \J
r·
c:· i J. ] ·t t t r· f.·:·:
c: u rr, rn E·! 1 c:: (· _., ,; i.:i..f ..1d
t :i. rr1 E:• \•'-' E-i r- c::·
:J.
··r Ll J" f-:: (-:,_. ;, ·:/
r·, c, 't;
t_;\1 -::·:•, ·::~.
1
·j
("1
{·~1 ;;:;. 1
~i
··"::'! :a
i ·r·: c:: :t tl c} E.--:, cJ
't.: c-:-! Y" t: (·1 <•:•:·:; l Jr·, } t: <-::-: ct ~:3 t; .: :·,_ 1· <-:-:•! ~:::. \/ i i:":·! c:: i:·:·~ ·.· ..i 1:·:·1. c:J :·:, !; E:t J. t· i···i {) t i_"J I· ..; t: !·..~ f'·.' /:·:·,. r: ·l: l.3 -:"::·!. 1
nu rn !:.:! i•:-:-:• r· rn ,::t \' !::-1 c.. h :i. {_] h (•:•: • r· L.1 E c: ,·) L. :,:= (-::-:• 1 i::i. ·q d t·1 r- ,··· 1 · ... ,,:i J !:::- v--1 E•:• r· E• ·n D t:
-.--f~:(.Ji ..li::·11 r· 1 \' ·r·c:•p1::1y-· tc:•d ·J·1yl: i 1 :I.,:~\).:\,,
F·;::<Y- !:.: /··· f :i. ,. . ,:~: p<:::•·.- c:c-:-:·r··d. c:1·f c·:, 1 :i. Ci"l""ii:::Et c:! rn :"!. t t: F:: d ·fr· c:, rn ·r u. r- k E-:· \..- i ·n o, i::~. -'i. t\ du r· i n q t: h i ::::• pr--·• r- :i. c, C: ,_. -.._t c:-: r· E•:· •i::; ·y· r· J i:"·°I n ;;
i::J ·y·
f' ;°:.':"{ f' E:r 1 :·.'t .,... :_::J r:-:, 'f.. .,...j Ll rn J:::; {:~-:, r· l"_. i--·1 ,;'j T'l i:·:·i. T"f \l () t: (·i c,::! ·i ·• CJ r· c, l.J. () "f T' c:, rn t: l·•i E:'~ t:. /:':tr· F::·:: ~·:·:~
~:::. {"t iH E·:
r:.~ r? (1 () ~:;::; \/ r· :i .:::'!. r·, . (:, ·.••· i::·l t) ~::;. !_.•··.J (·:-:, r· <-::. {?:\ cl in :'t \.. t: c-:~ cl t: C:i t: t.. ,, :..-::-:- l i f'l i t: f::• cl ~:: ., -~·.: E:\ ·l; E·: ==~-
c~ i cl
E-:-:, r·1
=· ..
J~
1
1
1
r· I.::!! c:: Ci r· cl .... k E-°' E-°' 1:::i i r·1 i:_::_1 t: 1··1 (:'.\ t: ;··· r:· '.c::- u J t: E-:• ,o:l i r·, cl ·,. !:~- t C• r· t :i. Ct r-1 i;°;( i"""1 d
t ·; ·f-1ct r::·,r· Y"tl..i fi'~!-:•::,r· (·:·:t t: i (::r y·) !J -1-: i...i c-:-:, f°Jt.t in t::r r:.-:,r· () · f ~::)\/ r· :'i. !·:·~·, .... •r•·•·· 1:·:;sr· :·: ·( :.-_::; :·;. rnr·, :·;_ (J: · c:·\ r·1 ·t~ : ~:. !.:·.i!···s i)
c:: i::\ rn E:• t c:, t J···; <::-:· Li i". :i. t F.·: cl 13 t L:°r. t e• '.:::- c: i.. tr· :·1 1·; <J t: h c:, 11 r·1 E-: i,\J j rn rn ·i. q r· i:1 t :i. r, n ;1
r::, E·~' -r· i {) cf t.:·? t:·t ~:::. y-·, {) t.: {) \/ ,· :-: , 'f" £.-\t i·"1<·:-::_, ]. rn i ·1 ..i (J ;1 {•:·? ~:;:. j::) E? C~ :'L E:·!. l 1 ··:/ ;_,\~ ~-..i F:::! 'r°J () f'j (•:-:·:' ·::: C) Y"1 ~;:_:. :'J. c} c-::-:, ·c· -::::.
V--.i \···1 t:.-1 t: i--·1 i::t i:::r p (·: -:• ·; r~:·cl
t ci t: J·--: i:-:-:: _:::; / r :"!. ;::i r 1 ·· (":-i .--· i::°I h :i. m 1n :"i. u r E:\ r °! t: V-! l ·i c:r
·t: t: ]. E•: tJ :°t (~ t: t·i f•:•! f J 'i"r i ·t r::r c:1 ~==) ·t i:':"r t: ,:·:-:-:, ~:; . ·-;:,
t•\~ 1·"1 :::·:·,. t; C~. c, {H !::r i !' .., t:1 t; i Ct : ·1 Ct ·f·
t r· i,:i. i"""i !~~- p :i i::"t. r·1 t <:::-:· d i] 1 cl 1.,-.J i::; r· J c.: t -c· :~·i. i t ~:: • E1. r""i c:; hi<:::· 1.--1 I_.,.! c:, r· 1 d i, c:! E'.t r: l:.: ;:·:·; t 1 u n ~,: .
i::: 1:. 1··; t -r --i. L \ .i t. E•:• cl ·!·: c, t h <::-:, c.1 b ·f i J ~==· c:: i:":t. t 1 ei .,.-·, c:, f th 1 !::: E·:! t !·--, n i c
r· o up --;:
Y-11 ..l rn /-..:1 1:::• r· '-~:- ,,
::::. c-::,
1
i_:_:_i
r:, <:·:t. f" t.: C: --r t· i···, <=.-:-:, r· F:.-! c:':\ ~~::. C) r-1 t: !"}i:·~·i. t. E: r~~·:\ r· J \/ ~:::; '">/ r· 1 ~-~-\ f"J "··· r:'-\ :"' {°::\ l:::! 1 ff\ rn i CJ r· -: ·:,_ r·1 t: ::::. t; ()
t: h C::·:: U i · 1 :i. t E:· Ci ~:::- t .: ·:1. tr-:•·:::~ ,_,,Jc• r· c-::• r"i c:i t: c:, th r·1 -'i c:: .:::, l 1 ·/ i,::- tr c:i : · i;.:J i -:: :. t \· ·i ,:::i t
1
politically they did not have~ n0t:ion0l 1dentity and
c· t..l. } l°; lJ (' /::1. 1 J .':;-,. +_: f· .., F:! l..) 'f"i i t.:··:./ C) ..f -t: }--·f <-:-:: (~1 r· .::·:! k'.:! t..\~ C; ·.· } c! v.J
t::·,_ t;
1 (.: ::::. ·,.ii·:·:, :11 ·1 .. "
L;; ·/ -c· i i.":"\ n ::::- t h rn :::: E-:, 1 \/ <-::-:· i=:,. i::, t t h ,~:\ t: t :i. rn <-::-:· :\ d <-:-::· n :i. t: ·f :"!. E:• d rn c; r F::.• i:::- t t· o n (J 1 /
\,-,i :~ t: !···1 t h E·.' .-1. r
-r· ,:.::• <.J ·•. c r, !' \/ :"i. 1 1 ,::\ q t0:: c:i ·f ci ·1 ·· 1 q i r1 !I :.:1 r·, cl
i::! ::. ·i. i.J :i. Ct \. \ '.:,:1
1
,:·:·:r. ~:::.
i"=::-:O
"J ••
�i r·j t··1 :"i. t) i l' \•:•:-:· cl t:. i···, r:-:, c:l F:.-:, \/ r.:, 1 t::i r::r rn <•:•:~· ·{ t;
E · >; ,::'. rn p 1 ;: .-:• ~;
h f:::C t v.i f!·) c:-:· r! :i F: c;.:, (l
<::t ··f
·1
r:· n r ·
~:·:·t
t:·, n :::!
:::: Ct rn r·1 t.J.
1 F.-:, 'l': i--·1 ·! .., :t c: i cir::, ·: 1t: :1. t: \· .,
:I. H (:) :::,_; th <'·~· ·f i !'" !:::. t t l·"1 i'.. C:! <·:·:-:• c:: h i.. t r· c i.., 1.:-:;, !~'·j ..j
,::·:,.
chuT· c:i·--!EI :::; 1 ei !:::- -l': j::'.iE:'1·1 .. :i. ·:::;! ..1c:ir-1<-::':Y" !:::- tci n-10·1 · E-: c:: or:\1 1::-::-·n :'i. c-:··r,t F:oin-:,·:'1':"1 C:E:• th C:• l i c::
-·:',. n d f!:! \/ c• 'f"1 F' r- D t: t::• :,::• t Et f'i t c l·..1u r· c:: 1--·. E:· i:::- ! t 1--·, E:, \l r· E·: ~===· r:• c, c, cl,~(• d l:::: ">'
(-~r rn ~:: -:, ·r· i c: -:·::1 "f') i .:-:·: i Y..i {] ·::::. F·:-:· \/ F:::, r· i·t:~ J ;,:·:; ::::. i::) ;__.~-! c: t: ~:: . () ··f
t: !·.., r.-:, :i. r· ~::~ (·:-:-! ·, ·· \/ .i c: r:-:, .,
i ri i::\ d \/ E:· r-· t i::i n t. 1 \' pr-- ci rn o t :i. i"·1 <,:.:I i::\ -~=:· ::::- :i. rr, :'i. 1 i::·, t: 1 c:, r..1 Et n d J o !':: c:,. o ·f c.: 1., 1 +; i_, \ I" ' r::·
\ (\ l:::i -r· ~·: { ~--·: ¾·::, rn <:·:.,_ ·;..·1 cl (\ i:::i Y.. i::'. i··\ i::·~ rn t r; t:! ::J ) ,,
Most of the early
i rr ir~ i (_'.] r· ;;";t ·1 .., -i-_: ~::·
v.J:'i.tf'·1
t.\:t:~! 'f" {-:-:-:,
F?Ci::<nc:iri•:i.c::
~~3 ·~,/ r ·
i
~r-2b
C: !·; ·r· i -:;: . ·t, i E:·r Y"1 ;:::. () "f }'.::t <·:·:·:• :·:•:·i ~~::. ~':':< f'1 t: ·::::. i:. i._1 c: i<
c-:•rnil_:_··rE-,t:i.r.1.J ·fri.::irn tl·1E•if' h,:1rnE.l.E:\ft\.:I
E:'t '{ ·, ..... !... F:~' t:i .:::t .f..t F!.1 <::;. E·:1
mot:i.\/f::•:•:::: ..f'.' .. _1f ..
rr1 i 1 "i. t: ,·,:1 r· ·/ s~ r::, ·r· \/ :i. c r:-:• i t'i t: i-- ; ·.·, CJ t +ci n. E:'t ·r 1 (·1 r· /'; j / i::., E:, c. i:-.\ rn i'.:! m .:::·1 n d ,:'i t: ;::i r \/ ·i:- o :"·
c::: h ·r· :'i. ':::; t; ·i. i::, ·n !:::• E:\ :~:· 1,,.J F • ·i_ i. -:'::'1 :::: l''l ,::i :===· 1 F rn '.:::. ..
i::;: E-:• (J -:i r-· cl 1 c:• !::: !::=• () ·f t \·1 E-:-: i ·, · mi •.1 t: i \. (-:~•
·f· c:t r· 1 ,: : -:,t~·t \.·· i r·; i:_:J t: !. ·. <·:-:-:, 11 ~·) 1 ci \,:: c1 t ·..,. ..it.: r· ·-:,. . - !l I rn i) '.-:. t. ~? : r· j -:·:·:·~ i..., · ... /.':·1 r· ,~·:·t l·:: !:::. 1_•. -.•~ i-·i c-::r f i +: J·--J <-:- :, .....
j
;::l j_ ~:::. r:) c:-:: '(" ~::;. i Ct -r·, () "f t: !·"; (·:·? r::; \/ {"
t: t"·1 r.. <::i 1 1\;J j--·, (:t t..1. ·t-; t: j··s <•:-:-:, LI Y"1 i t.: E•:• c:i
:'1.
i::·i °f''i ..... (.":/ {' -:·::~
E;. t·
=~~
·
1
·.:
<,?::1 !"::.
t~J
lt
1
]. rn f '°J :'i. (J ·: .. ,:':":'{ T'! t; }:) (:t ;:::t '· \ J ;:·:~ t: i {) T'J
rn E·:· i -~ ~: t/\i c:, in \":.-:tr)
E·\ r·. c:i r:: '-~•1 1 J c' r· f!·! r·
'i
1---, ;:=, -:===· t
·n :::, t :i. \/ 1::·:• P,; it: ❖:-:•:• r· :'!. c ;: ,_ i"·, !:::, h <-::-: 1 p 0.-:, d + h f::• 1n J 1:.:·· i:':\ r· r·, E: n q 1 1 ::::. h
f:::• r1 c: d
t !"·1 E· i:-:i n ;.i. i -===· :'L +: i c r1 er f r, r:-:• i,\, (':, in C:! y-- 'i. c: i::1 r \/ ;:,, J 1. \FE•~::, ..
}\.j E:
J )'"1 J. '.) :i. {,1,
I rn rr, i (} Y" E:'i 'l';
!·. h
'N :·1.
1
~:\'.
:;
F' E•:• t
t Ct f'i !!
E·? r·
(\
q u :':. c:: k :1 / ~'
·r
,~':\ l"i d
F;: C< bf::•(' '\'.: '::::. I/\! r· C< t i!:::• i:''1 b OU t t: h c:, '.::) ··,/ r· :! s:::i. '{') ::::· :J. n
h (-:~•
Ct ·f
'i,": l"'~ {·:·:•! I '('i c! t) ~:::. t : ·5 .. i E:t 1 .£::\ }"i (! ::::, {) c: \ i·::·{ l L.. ·:t <-::-:,
~3 t.: Lt c:i. ,-/
··r
r1 ;::i t u ,..1c c, rn rn c, ·n t c:1 rr, :'i. !:::· c: 1 {:~. !~: ':::- :t ·f \..' f::; ·/ r · :'L i::: r, '.:::• \-'-J i t: h '.~.::; c. u th E:· ,:·:1 !::: t c:· r ·n
l:::: tJ r· {) l::i <·:-:-:, ,:::'t. r·, ~;: . ~: ~-t~, r·, rj :-:::.1...1. f" 1..-::~- 1 ·-: - t: i·"': :"i. ~;;:. ,·n :1. ~=:~. <::: ]. <°:.°l ·:::: !:::..J. -f i (:: c-\ i-.: i () ·r1 1...-j <::< r.. l.:: f ..· cl i:':'t \_) t:·.t i ·r·, ~:~:. t:
t: !·--, {-:-:-:, ·.'l, f' c:I r-:-:, \/ <-::-:, ]. () ~::) rn f·°:.' Y.., t: ::i "f c::·i. ·i ·•1 F:~' t: ~--·! Y": 1 c: ;:::t r· <·:·:-:, :::;. <-:-:-:, "f"i ~::: E:., ·:; 'f ··1 t·~: rr, f·:-:• r · \ c:: ~·:·:·( ,:
{:1 c c c. r· ci :i. n ;J -t: o F'. o b r.:-:- r· t i::, :1 b ·/ r · :1 E,. r, !:::• d i cl r·; ei t: r- (-:~:• E1 c:l j_ 'i. \'. i~:i cj i:'·\ p -1:: t c, t. h <:·::·
--f ~·:·:\ :::;. t t:) ~·;:, c: E·! Ci •·•f ·f· -::'!t. (:: "\'.: Ct ·r· °)/ il.J {) '(" }< u
··r f···i f::• '>/ i/ -J f;:, ·r E•:·: '{"1 {) t.: r:) ·'.j 'f .. t·: () ·f t: i···s (·.-.:,
! I :i. i"'i cl u ::::,t: f ' l t\ 1
i:':'i I'" iTl \/ ! ;
i:) i.' t ';'" i:':\ t: !--·, I!.:·:· J'" ,, l"'! i:'1 :::i t?. {": ,';:\ r:1 t J t 1..1 d E f C, ... t ,.. -:::1 cl F', ,~, ;' ·1cl
c:: [t rn ro f·'.·~ ·r· ~::: F::-~, :i ! I ;::; y-· f::•! ··f (•:-:-~ ·, ...... :L 'f ··: r:J t: () \.·\i () .,. .. i-:: t l+ l.. 'j {) i..) '(' ·:::; E:'\ \--~ E:'t ·:/ r7 c! ,·:·:·, ~/ ~;::. ~::r f_t•.J c~, ~-. :•:
1
1
~3 \l r· i i:·:·< ♦r·1 :~:. i:·:~ -r· (-~: ., \ ,.-·i c:i r:::.\' f-'.•:, cl (j r· i f:::, r·; t: i:·:1. } ~:::. !>
·\·.: h (:'.·:· m V-.J :i. ·1·.: !""} Ct i...\ -1:.: c:! 1 :::: t :i. i"'I C t :i. Cl i"'; 1/,i i t: h
;-··j F.-::,
.,. ..) c:, ·t .., \:.:::
1
t: }·": E•:' 1 <•'::-:, ~:::. ~:::. r·· .:":":·t ·\-: <•:~-:, c.J ci ·r· i :? -'.•:-~, ~=~
\;:; Ct U i:: l"'i E· El'.;;;- t: C:·:• y-- n
c· U f' D p C:·:· i::I. n
r:;~r:i !::) ?:-:-:,r· -t. ~:: . =· i:) <::i c1 i-:: ;; i. . ~1-i i c: i·.., t:: C) "'··it.: ~=·:t 1 f"i•~:~ <·:·:t c: C! {"1~:-: i ci E.-: r · t:·:d:) l ~:-:•: \;·.-1.rnc, tt t , -t.: {::. ·f'
:i. ·r·J ·t: i:-:~:, r· c-:, -;:::. t~ i r·, \_J i r·,··f' ci ·f •·• rn E:·\ ·t i ('.:I r·~ .: ·:·, t:i c, :.. 1 t. E-:, -:~:'i. -r· 1 ·;/ r:; -~-/ -r· i i:·:·, r·) i rn rn i \'} r· E:'t ·r·1 t: ·::::. ~:':!.tic~
rn c:, r r.:-:, 1 rn r:i {) r-· t: !·:~\ r·t t: J. ·:·/· ?• ;:··~\ t:) <::i t.\ t: ~-i (:: 1,..\i t.: 1"·1f.-:, \.. .- 1.,\1 r:--· f .. ~-..:·! r:·· r·, t· c:: r~! "J. \/ c-:, c:I t::t \··· r.., . -..-< t.: 1 \/ E~
1
}-::
�T, u ~=::- t
-r·i ,::1 t:
d r-• f i ·n i t
{) ·•../ 0:-:, ·;·..
"L
q ·t E..,. r·, t: i::: ~:I t l : i::1 t: c: c, r·, c. c-: p t E::- :• c c, n ·~:; t ·i" tJ c: t: : : - ., ;::1 i··, d
i r-1 f :1 u :::.•, . , c.: E-:· ;---, D 1•,! c, y--1 E:• !::: 1~• •:·: ~=~ t. h .-.-:-:• \•\ :~1 :· 1 d c:: 1·, .::: _. ..,q c:,
t- -::: k ':::: ·f i::i r·
c.1 ·. ·, '::: i.-,t 1--: 1 c h
t: "- !T1 (·--=-!
II
·r h E·: c-: E• ·, · 1 -..,- ~:3 \' r :'i. t:'1 .,.- ..... (}, ·.--· c.·:·i b :i. rr, f'i'1 i ur-· i~~ r, t: ,::: ;/•.:· c-:.•, ·· C! ,~1 ·1·; 1 Y·id 1:::• ;-:-, c-:• 1'1 cl<=:.~ ri I::
t: \'.';; 'i •. r::, (' ·:. ~;; '.l. ·; 1;:_1 r· E O p 1 f::: F' .,... i-::! f f:'.-! j'. { ]. n (_:) ·'.·; Ci i:) c-:- j_ r·, i::i u '.::; i r·i f;'.• !;;: '::: t ~:< , ·
-t- h E! ffl ~:. E~ .L \/ ;·-:_. '::; t 1--, Ely·, t: u I,\! c:, -, .. k i :"; ·: ~- [! ffl E:• c:, ':"'1 i:::·:· ~:·! 'i. :::=- ;.:_, ·' <::: ·f -:;:< C: t ('1 i" i "
(:·
n ~-=:'• t: VJ c:i r \.,- o ·f E: ·/ r :·i i j r·, j iT! p o r t- I:.:•:• ·,-· ·-:::• !' \. -,1 !"'! c:< 1 ~::-:• !:?:- -:·::1 J F: r !:::- ,, --:-1 n d p 1:.-::• d cl J c· r-- ::::-
E
'(j
:,
;I
=~' c c: t I ff• 1.i 1 i:·:1 t: E· c! :.:: .:::,. p :'l. t: ,~-, J :, E• ·, ·, c'. t_.-\t 1· i E·• ·i--, ;~, b ~1 y·· ·i. ,::1 ·, .., cl E• c 1 c.l ,_._.:. ,:::l ·t.: c, '::~ F -t. t.: :L c:::.
d c. ,_.-. 1n
h - ~·:• ;::, r· ::::. h E• t t :~:- u •::, :! 1 \,. c:, 1:::, 1:~:· r, ·::.· d i::\ f i~~ rn :·1 1 ·/ cl r y u ;_ , i:_i ri -::: c, ,- q f" c, c. e:-:• r y
bitE:1 "·'.-:'::=:::::..
I·:·, ;)-i-H:~• c,·=· ti";;-:-.:, trit::<1 .. ·.-:1 C:Dff'>()1"·t::•:•h0::!'i1!~:-1v'E• c:r:·,·-,LE·.'il•pc: ·i'·Et1"/
b i::t c., k ~:~ --:, n 'i. mHi i (_J ·r· i:'·\ ·n ·t Pi in 1::-::• r i :::: c:t n ::::. :• < rn D i~: t '.-~: u c: h c- u 1 J. 1=:d c: t :'1• o •··i '::: ·:· i::\ i. 1 t o
rn1:.:·,·, , ·l·· !. ei , ..i t. \--, c P.-1·,-- .::1i:::i ··---f}ii'f'ff:,·i-- 1 c: ::f. ·, ·: c:~ ::-1 F' •.:·Jr :i. i:-:~: ,cc-: > :• :Jc:,:=.-, n 1· •ic.• r ,. :'I.'::: c, r1 ,:':1 ·,--,d
1:::: h i.::\ r-- ::. D t.: t {•:-:-:• r:· c1 ·:• Z E1 b u ~~:- k / ,, :'i. .-·: P, rr, <-:.-, ,· :i. c:: :::-, r·, r: c ~=: c; i c :: ·T i- i e:-::• J m;ri :i
r, t
E.:•:1::i(?.Y·ir~nc::c• :"i., .., t:.-,c:, l•l:::,r·c,,.~c:- o·f ·rh,.::EE,· \,-.!Le, i. .. 1•./F;:d Tt:, :'!.r·:i~~li.1dr:· ;::,r,
1 n t c· r-- ·._., :'l. E• 1. ,.J 1.,,i 1 t.. i--·i
I 1:-, -r· c:l 1--· i 1r, !--I e:.-1 s:- '=== i:.._ i !l ::·1 Ch ,. J ·=,- !_: :i. ~-1 r , i:::· i:':1 J E·: ~~~- t 1 n :i. ,~,_ n
( F' i:':'l J C: !~: t i ·n f(.-, ;,.., i::• ~=; p ;::1 ·1 .. -1:- C:1 -f <J ;· F·: -~:• -\' r-::, r· ~:::: 'l :i. 1:.'1 ·, 1,. _i h ci c !,:'• rr, f-:i t: c, ·1 : h c: !_Jr. .l. t 1:::, r:l
n t i:':'l t <•::·: S :°l. n J. •'./ F.'. i7_-'. n
1
(_:_:_1 , .. ;_:\
d E rn r:, r 1'.=:;. t r i.':\ t c:.-: d l:::, ::-' -\' h i 1=:=- c: i::\ :::- f:.:'
J i·::. y-- ,-·, h :i. ,.. ·, i:::• ·f ,':-:. ·!• h i-::-:• r· ;---, i:,, d .i. ff; n· 'i. r. J r· t1 t c: cl
+,. , (,rn(~:1'i" i c i:':'! 1 t·; l ,::;: :I. J I~ c :-: :• 1=~c: -=:·:, p <"::• c Ct f"1!:::-<::: r 'L pt 1 ,.., n :·i n··; o ·!·: 1--·, <:::• T 1.1 r 1-:: ·1. '::::-n
t:rf't'l/•1 ,::\f'd !:::tE1;-·tc:·::! i::\ . (t·S::t:i.·.J,"',::l~-,t in l.. :in,.::.1J,· ., !'..l<-::::l:::,c·d~::-ki:':lu
l:(::·tc•s"'
i...Jr:irJd 1..,li::ir I E-:•riclE•d:, Jt:::!·rd!·1:l.ifl., :-: ·fi::,,t;;--iE:r· 1 i::~·Lt.1· •1E-·d +:c, Pi::•.1(·--::::)+:i, ..,f,::•:•
c, \..., :!. \-' t. ei r-- r:-:• rn i <.J r-- a. t F.-:· 1.,- 1 i t 1--, h i !~:- v, . . ·r 1:::• z:, i""1 c ~=:- c, r·, t: i. ., c \/ i:.~:· ;::, -r· ::::. 1 -~·: t E· ·... ,.
/ :,
qc,(:,d !::~tu.d(-:::,·r·,t :, Ib·,··,::·1h1n1 i··:.-,.:.1 :i..·1tr::·--,c!E·d t.1., :::~ti'd\..- 'i.,:':'1\-\r \:--, P1rr1E•ric,:: :·
!:"1 1• •• ·r;
1· i J. f:::- ·f i:'\ t: hr:_::,,.. 'I C (\ ·c, \/ :i. !'"! r.: (:~ cl ;::,. r' ~·:\ ·f 'i'' '.l (·.:· r. ,cl i::, ·f I hr·,,-:\!--·, :"!. 11 .• -~:- r.:·, C: C: n ['t m. . ,:::
pc,'·r::,n"t::i..t:·1l t.c:i thi:.·:.• fE:m:i.ly i~·, 1:::. ::, ,:·;--·,c:lc:ll.(·::.•: .. :, i::,•t\t. h:'!.1i': \--o 1,-.ic1r1..
p ;.:,:-) cl cl 1 1 ri{J U t· \ •::·! ·,--·, t : :'1 1 r-- u q '::S i.-:.. ;·--1 :J T -t ;_: 1 J E·'t n J i n c1 ·n :::: 1 n t h <.-·:! ·':"•. , •• 0.-:· ::.t ,A r-- c-1 u. n ~::I
I . i ,·, c.: 1 -:::, ·1 .., ..
Ii·, ·:. q':;:.-:. ., I l:. i-- E1h :;_ /Tt '::. <:.-·• t t 1 F·d --:. i"1 L.. ·1.. ·11:: r., 1 i .., i:':\ 1 "id op i~... nE:c:i ...,·, °'
Cl .. i !-~:• '(': t :':" 1 i"' U (_} ~:- 1' D r· i=::·:• ,,
(\ i:
t J--, E: !:., :,:-:• !·.., i:-::, ~-~- . ·.: Cl f 1··, ·j_ 'i:i- j:: • i:'·1 ... 15.:, f 1 -\" S;. : l· 1C:'•
!'Iii::• Y'"i'' :'i. ;:,:: d i:':1 fJ :i. ·r· 1 c, f
(:·1 .. a. h i c:: Ct ·1 .. :i. ·.::.i i ·r, :i. f': l. •:-:.<::r:3 "
i--·I Z:~ d I i::: ;· i::·( h i iP
·f ei l ] o i..- .1 <::: d h 1 '.::; .':. n t. <·::: rd; :i ;::, n i::·,. Cid 1·--, _.1. •~:- .:::, ,:::i t 1-:~:,TI.: i ;::1 1 ti.., l:::i E· c o ff11-..-.• ,:':1 1 i::r. 1,\ yr: .- · .,
rn 1 1;:J h l'.: h [=·1 v c c: c:1 ·n t: r· :i. h u t E0 c:! t ("1 i r-; r:: ,... r:-:· i::i. ~5 ·i. n t_::_1 t h 1:.:-:·
1--, :'!. cl cI !-:_-)Y"! rn:;. ·;--, ·1 •· .-i t ·/ o f '.::3 /' r i i::, -:-: .... f.'!:, .. i:.-, !:::i :·1. i'i'1 :n :·1 q i .. .::·1 ·, ·; t
c1
,_.,
1 ~::. i
:·:, --i.
]
:i. -t ·:/
1:i
·f t h
F·
1::: ..
I b r-- i:\ l· ·: :"I. m l--·1 i::·i. r::~ ~:.- i::·i ·n :, t, "i"·, .I. :i. k \:::• ·::i t: !·--, \·~-:· r r: ·'.:'° r· i C:\ r·, .... ,::i r· r::\ i::' :i mm :i :::J r· 1::1 ·r, ·:-- .::: ~·
p F i::' r· c-::• ·i-·d.: '!. y ci :'!. c:! ·; -, ei t P, r·: iJ 1 i c :i. :;:: i:::-:• l"'! :'!. !::; r·, ,::'I iT! f·:1 ,.
I ·1 .., ff!;.:, ·1 / c ,::·1 !::: !'.-:.H:.:. ,1 •.., i-:i ff1 f.::- ~::
r,--J e:-:• r-- E·:: P, n q 1 1 c: 1 :::·: r~ d
i n t •. i E· ·ff.·:-:• c \/ o r· t o J:-:, (-:::1 c: o mF:' ,::•1 m,;:-:-:- .- · i c: E1. :'" ..
r l· i .\ :::> :, · ·.: 1-, :.-·:,
t➔ 'I" i:':'1 b j_ C:
u :=:; C· ·f
t::, c~: C ·::i if'(• t h !?• F.-:• t- ('1 :'i. ;::: E:• 'i. 1 \.' n (:~• '· .\ ,i: I . ,~;! l
Ct I:: ;:·:, r::i 1·--: 'l
r; I..\ 1 1 In i:':i n
b :. ·: ::: .... rr, fr) ; ':3 {Tl ,,
F' E:: h r· E~ (:.~ c:!
I:. Cl C: :;':, mi-::,
F' Y" E:• d (. ! ·: / !·
i:':\ ! '! d
f i::i ff, 1 1 ··/
n1F:: i:::1 .'t 1-:: v.:~ ' IJ ·:::.1--·1 =-=·:. ·;•· 1·· E1
i::i ·, --,cl
Cr·, i::' in ·, 1.\ 1·•
t.\11·--, :L c !· ·, mi:'.'\\' 1- r.·:·1 \l E:
r::: ;:·i r· r-- :°L f·,,d F* 'i". <:·:-:• ~-::- t· :i. ~=!
i r, 1·: , ... :;:_.:, ci 1 cl c: c, u n t: r· y :1 1,.• (·:-:· r· <-:,:• ::=:- c, 1,H:·.-, -:•_- _.1 T,c ~::. c:I f' ci p 1:: (-::: c.
i:':1} L:c,q,:,:_,·'·.:hF1r·,.
1;hr::· 1::=.p:'tf":i.t: cf ~-hr-.:• lime:,::~ ·:-:-!F'iC:0\1·1--i~;_,"J:.-.-.-.;_:1 ir;·,r,·,:'i.qy·,), ..;ti:::
t·: \:) ··f" .::! r· ~.:.1 :-:::, ·I:.: <) 1 ct c: t. \ ~~=- .- ·: c, tr,::::. :·:·-, r·, cl i::·\ ti ~'.• !=( t. (~i rr. <-:::· r· i c: <·:·,. r 1 v.~ ·l ~~=- .,
E:'!
I
j \/
11
lI
:·--1
l;
l
,:-·1
1
·j -, .-::'
il
11
11
i I ,}
11
11
I
11
:1
I!
11
<·.-:•:•
!-~·
·r j·--, {-~:
·,.:-: }'. -t' Py--, t
°t: C, i ,, !·--, } ,: :---, :::~ \I 'i"' :'!. El,.., ..... (:'! 1· i:':'1 Lr :'t_ in rn i. (Jr· c'i r-,-\-; !::: 1.:.i f-:--:• ·: .. C:•
·f :'i. c: d b ·y- :5 l...\ p po ?.'.: <-::.· c.i 1 ·'./ k r, ei q :! i.::~ cl q c~! ;:_.·,. t:·, J. 1-:: n c_.t t; :i. ·-.1 r-::, r·, in E· ".. :i. c i::'1 n !::,- ,,
(·:·~ 1::~ ~=- i:-°' 1"1 t. .l. r;, l 1 {
.1. 1_ ,·,c ,. i 1"1 J
: h E! l 'i" c::t •-·, ,--, '.l. c:: h !:'2 f .!. ti:'.'• (l E· •·. '!' i:•:•df i--·1 i:.=1d l. ·1"1 c Ct \-- ;·, <:
:i. r1 :i. •:/r.:-.:l+ .• tr-·. c- \ .1 n 1 Ii::·•· ·i 1:::- t: \' c .·:·
h 1 q h F::1 i-· r-- ;-:~:·Etc I· : E· !:~. D -f i:.'t ,:::: c··t c:! E-:· ff, i c: ~::...
c::: i' ·, :i. c:: ,:.'< q Ci F' '(' F:.· f:.: ':;: p U. b 1 :'l. \:;i :··1 C·:! d i~~- b Ct [i k h '>' 1:::: c:i :. I:.: h (\ b ;::: !'.:I t t :' +; h 1:::-. , ·1 :or:, i::·1 11
m1
~~=
c 1 •=:
~~ :::: 1
_'._i
�ti"-iE•:· f), ..·c:1•"lt.1.i::'i.ti-:•:•:• ~~:;chc:ic:,J. c,·f hc:ici,~:t1 bc:'tc:•nc:E•~ P1dn11ni::::t;"·1::ttior·1
E!'1" '~:i :'!. t: \'
ci·f Ch :i. c: i:':t(J et i, ,::::,n !:.: :'!. t 1 (•::•:cl J min 'i. i:J r E, t. :'i. c:, f'j :: Ht::::· I E•c: t:
if", t:J·"1F·:·
t.l'f ·1 i · ..
}. ,:·::·\ c: i-::
!.-\~ }-··1
Ct ~:::. E:•
~~,. t
t. 1 cl ·.: - r·1 'l" ::::
() ·f·
v. ;h ci
!-:: ·1 ··, Ci \ \l
1
u. i::: E·:· d
]. {-:~~
c:~ <.:,:; t:-::,
i-·, c-:~: r·
,,.._ ; [! \J
l
,::1
r::i r· f::! 1
1::) E-:J
i ··f {-:-:-:, f'
!':":"!
t
F-::: cj
:.':":'( fft C:! ·r·i (J
t h c-:::- t: <·:·.-· r· m (\ :::,- :i. i'·i. t .i. c:
'!'.: E·:· >'. +_: b o i::i k :'
~i
hi h
!_·._:J '('
i:':'t.
c:1 t. \ t::·,
t· F-:·'
:i. c i· ,
l.. ·! cf ~-·\!
t; ~:: :.·:) c: Ct r·1 I:.'. 1 r-·1 <•:-:-:, ·r·~ -t: :> fT, <•:-;:, .:::l..'° ..i "!',: () -~- .., 1 y· c:: i···1 i r·1 ~·:•:·, ,·:) 'f"': c:! . .l -:·:·:·t F:; ~:·:·, ·r·; ,,
:i c:l E•:• ~==· r::i .... <-:::· E:1 rl t: l"'i :I. :;;;. r:·: :'!. '.:::-b (•:-~, 1 :'!. E• ·f t,.j .::-:1 ~::. i:':{ {Tl D n (J t:\ ff!(,;..',(' :i. c:: ,.';':\ f'J ~:; c:: ,::, {I ('i ;::, t t:i E:•
rJ 1 ·::::. c: i:-:-:.: r·1 f=i.' :::! ··f ·r· c., rn t: l·--1 :·1. ~::: i rl ··f C< -r· rn ~·:·:·!_ t: 1 c:, f'i :; t) t..i t: l'.: i..1 {-::_-:, r:.:t r· c;:, i:~; E-:, ·1 ·, c:: {•:.-.:, {::, ·-~=· +:. i· ..1 i ~:: .
·r· E-:· ··f {-:-:-:, r· ,;::.
i,,;
"i" ··
t-) F:'::· t: l.-\: (•:-:-:• (-:-: _, r·; t: 1"··1
L.E•:•i::'.q i..[(·::·:
·f.'r
E~ t.t r::r {-:-:-:• -r· :"l_ .,. .., t: f::-: j ci (-:::r ·r--, t.: () ··f t: }-··: <-:-:-:, J ffJ -'"fj i {_:_:j r·· /:"it r·i t: :\ ~:: . r:, ·r· {) t: r::
fi<-::-:,c: (' i::::' t E\ i"' '/' i:::·f tb E·:• 1··•!E•:0•:::1. )"' c: E\ S:' t: !'.?;-:.:-:, 1 j_ (:::•·f
1
....
1 ,:·.:·
t:
:"i_ •/
F:
01
t!"1f::.•
E:\ )'"1d
l J 'i' ·1 ..::i (:~• '(' +: )'", F,• I ffl rn i (_:;_l r -::':'i t :i. 1..:, ·1 .., P; c:: t
t: h r-:• t Jr·1 :i. t E! r.:I b t ,~·:·1 t 1::.-, i:::• 1,'-1 i:·:1 '.,::• !:'.:t c1 !::: r:, c:l o n
<-:::•·ff(:-::-c:ti •./E•J.'/ , ,::::,dt.1c<-::ic:1 thf!.·
L. E·! t:) <:·:~ r·1 ::: r·f t: C:t :t ( _; () t:; r· "r ·· \ \/ ..:i:\ -~- ~::;
.,~(-t'i"·it.\i::'t..!.
<-~:. -r·f iJ
:•
C,1
E1
·f
l
I.}
r:, ::i, ;)
n ,.i ,::1 -t. i:':\
c';t } 1
..,:. ·y1 ·::==· t:
:) ff! ff; :,. {_J Y' i:':'1 ':.: .'i.
c:) rn i.,,i l· ·, :'i. c: h
Ct 'f"I
t
!,_,I
:i.r11r<·i:i.ur.-.::1t:\.c:ir·, ·f"i c,rn ~::;).:ri,~1. E,,·,d
_;:· r· c, rn :·.::: i.,._.t 1 c::
1 ·:~~-
t: . ~ r·i F_.,
.:::·, r·1 c:1
·r .f .. :::·:\ ·r·, ~:::. .:J C; ·c· rJ
:.·:':·!. "; ··,
also to lOO arriv~ls.
1 i t; :·;_ c:: \· : ·{ 1 "(" (-:-: ·f' lJ. {_:;} E-:-! (·":':.' ·::::. £:':'{ ·r·1 ..{ i C:: t..l ~:::. t: {) ·::::-r:! c-:-:, ~::·:t l-:: c:, Lt t: c·:r. ~:;J .;·;·:~ l ·r·~ •:::~ t: ~:·.\ fi'i E·! (' i r~ ~·:':\ 'f'i
'fur{:~:· i (J n p c, 1 ::. c: / i_, ·-' j_ th r· E·:O CJ E1 r d t c:i +: h ;.:.-:'· !'-'! :i. d d 1 i(·:-:· E: i~\ ~=: t: ,.
LJ n 1 :'J t:: r:: t: hr::·
j::.-•? r.. i:':1.
i r1 1..-\1 !·'! i c: l .., t I· .., E·.• ;,::·! ,D. r 1 \' ~::; ->1 ..... 'I. E,1. r1 ..... ;'.\ ... ,::,1 h i /'i', rr, i q i" ,":':i ·n t i:::• c a. rr: L:·-' !I t i·.., .: :- 1:::.• :?
n c• t,\1 :i. rn rri i -:.:.:.i r E1 r--1 t ===:• ' \• :i. 1 l r; o t. ·ff:::•:::::• J !:::. o _n Lt c: h r::, r 1.:.::, ~::- ::::, 1.J r· E.- t ei i::i :::,- ':::- i In \ 1 .::•. t c:::•
<°::'~ '('
r-:-:,
r::r ()
1
i rn r:i c:! 't". t: ;::,..,...1 t 1 \' =' t 1·--, E·:· ·f ,:?-\ c:: t i o n ;:;\ 1 j •~= rr, v.1 h .'1 c:: !"·1 c:: l"·1 E:\ i"' i"·:'t. c: t r::• r :i. :::: c:· d t l·"1 i::-:-:- f·• ,·::i r J. \/
i rn 'ff i c_:_:} r· -::·:·1 ·r·} t: ::::. }···: i:·:, -:::~ }:::( <-:-:-:, (·:-:-:, ·r·j 1 .: :·\ r· (_:_:J t:.-::. 1 -~/ r· E~, r:! 1 (·:•:·( t::: f::-:, ct }·~J \/ t: l...i t-~-:: }::) .(.. r::-:-! ~:::- <:::. L\ ·r· f-:-: t c:1
c ,... i•::: i::\ t: F.·:· i:':'l u ·i"·1 :i. ·f :i. f.-::• d i::~, r-- E•. i::, ... t1 mE·:· f" i c i::\ f'1 1. cl r::, r'! t 1 t '>,.. =' c: rr: l:::1 r· :::\ c i r, c,:,; (':i ...- i:',\ I:..· · .
r:1rr,c·f .. ic.,:,i'f"1!,:,. c 1d t: .·•--icl rH:::-:d.._::,,
tl·--1 .1.·:~,. i:.:imc! i:·:1rcu,-·1c'.:1 it c!ci,:::·:•!:::• ·:-H::it: ;:,!pr::,1:::,,,:,
th i::'1 t t J·.., E·:•:• (.\ r· E1 !:::! :i. rn mi i;,:J r.. i:':'1 n t :::,. ,,:\ n d ti ·, c· 1 r.. d F• i::: c i·::! r·, d t:'..1. n t: ::::• t· .1 i 1 1 !:::- c,
i:::-:-' .:::\ i:::- :'i. 1 \/
1 ,: :·•. p ::::• E· i ·1 .., t c:, E:• t. h r, :i c:: :'l. -, .., \/ :1. -::,:• :'i. b --i. l :i. t \ .
1
1
1
�2
Annual Reports on. Immigration for that period, passenger
abstracts transmitted to the Secretary of State by customs
collectors, and actual custom-house records.
Table I is a summary
of records pertaining to early Arab immigration to the United States
derived from Bromwell's seminal work.
These records show very few
arrivals of Arabic origin for that period.
Table I
Early Arab Immigrants to the U.S. by Country of
Birth, .Year of Arrival, and Sex
1824
1825
1826
18 27
1829
1838
Algiers
Barbary
States
lm
lm
1849
Morocco
4m
2m
lm
Total
2m
3m, lf
4m
2m
1846
2m ,
lf
lm
Egypt
Turkey
in Asia*
1845
lm
4m
lm
5m
6m
(* Turkey in Asia includes Arab lands, including Greater Syria, under
the Turkish Ottoman Empire.)
In general, the use of historical documents by a sociologist to
gather information can be problematic.
The reseacher must work with
data as it has al+eady been categorized by others, often for purposes
different from the researcher's own purpose.
In particular, the use
of official immigration records to obtain information about early
Syrian Arab immigrants to the United States is problematic for several
reasons, not the least of which is the fact that responsibility for
keeping records of alien
arrivals changed hands a few times in the
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Joseph Family Papers
Subject
The topic of the resource
Belly dance
Lebanese Americans
Marines
Photographs
World War II
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Genevieve Rose Joseph
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Genevieve Rose Joseph
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1931-2015
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Inventoried by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2022 May. Processed by Allison Hall and Rachel Beth Acker, 2023 April-August. Collection Guide created by Allison Hall, 2023 September.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
French
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0062
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
Digital material in this collection is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Physical material in this collection is also available to researchers. For questions or to access a collection, please contact us at kcldsarchive@ncsu.edu. Please give at least 48 hours for responses to any inquiries regarding the materials.
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical Note</h4>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Genevieve R. Joseph, also referred to in the collection as Genny, was born in Poughkeepsie, New York on February 6th, 1963. Genevieve R. Joseph has three siblings, including an older sister Beatrice Ann Joseph (1947-2008) and two older brothers, one of which is Michael James Joseph (born October 16th, 1954). She earned an Associate’s degree in Liberal Arts Honors and Communications and Media Arts in 1983, a Bachelor’s degree in Communication from SUNY Albany in 1985, and a Master’s degree in Sociology with a concentration in Race and Ethnicity, also from SUNY Albany, in 1988. She then <span>worked as a social science researcher for the State of New York. </span>Genevieve R. Joseph took up Middle Eastern belly dancing as a hobby and was a member of the </span><span style="font-weight:400;">Yallah Dance Ensemble based in Albany, New York in the early 1990s. In 1996 she moved to North Carolina and became involved with the Triangle Lebanese Association; she coordinated the first Lebanese Festival at the North Carolina state fairgrounds in 1999. In North Carolina, she <span>worked as a nonprofit program manager for global education and cultural exchange, and fundraiser for visual arts and conservation of nature. </span>Genevieve R. Joseph married Philip White in 200</span><span style="font-weight:400;">6.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Genevieve Norman Joseph (1924-2011), Genevieve R. Joseph’s mother, was born in Poughkeepsie, New York to Sam Norman (1883-1972) and Rose Nader Norman (1889-1955). Rose Nader Norman ran a neighborhood grocery store and the couple managed their home as a boarding house. Genevieve Norman Joseph, also known as Gen, married Charles Michael Joseph (1918-2002) of Wendell, North Carolina on March 2, 1946. Genevieve Norman Joseph was a member of the Lebanese American Daughters, an organization closely related to the </span><span style="font-weight:400;">Lebanon-American Club of Poughkeepsie. She also </span><span style="font-weight:400;">worked as a Nursing Aide. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Charles “Charlie” Michael Joseph, Genevieve R. Joseph’s father, was born in Connecticut to parents Namy </span><span style="font-weight:400;">Yusef Becharra</span><span style="font-weight:400;"> and Julia Asmer in 1918 and was raised in Wendell, North Carolina from the age of eight months. He had nine siblings: Lucy, Eddie (Naim), Mamie (Thmam), Charlie (Khalil), George (A'Eid, Geryus), Evelyn (Jamila), Helen (Thatla), Abe (Ibrahim), Joe (Yusef), and Dolores (Julia).</span><span style="font-weight:400;"> His father, Namy Joseph, ran a store on Main Street and another one beside the family home. </span><span style="font-weight:400;">Charlie Joseph served in the US Marines during World War II and was honorably discharged in 1945 as a corporal. He was stationed in Recife, Brazil and Guam during the war. In Poughkeepsie, Charlie Joseph ran a luncheonette and was active in the Lebanon-American Club, serving as its president from 1962 to 1966. Upon their daughter Genevieve R. Joseph’s graduation from SUNY Albany in 1985, Genevieve and Charlie moved from Poughkeepsie to Wendell, North Carolina, Charlie’s hometown.</span></p>
<h4>Scope/Content Note</h4>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">The Joseph Family papers contain materials related to three generations of the Joseph family as well as families related to them. The collection focuses on the lives of Genevieve Norman Joseph, her husband Charles Joseph, and their daughter Genevieve R. Joseph. The collection also includes materials related to Genevieve R. Joseph’s grandparents and their extended family, both in Lebanon and in the United States. </span><span style="font-weight:400;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Much of the collection consists of photographs from the early twentieth century to the twenty-first century. The photographs primarily include family photographs and portraits, as well as photographs from Charles Joseph’s deployment during World War II in Brazil and Guam. Also included in the collection are materials related to Genevieve R. Joseph’s dance career, newspaper clippings, articles from the </span><span style="font-weight:400;">American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, materials related to Charles Joseph’s time in the Marines, event pamphlets and flyers, prayer cards, obituaries, academic materials, correspondence, and some physical objects.</span><span style="font-weight:400;"></span></p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"The Methodological Problems of Historical Sociology" Essay by Genevieve R. Joseph
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lebanese Americans
Description
An account of the resource
Sociology paper written by Genevieve R. Joseph. Full title of the paper is "The Methodological Problems of Historical Sociology: Case in Point: Determining Historical Sociological Factors Contributing to the 'Ethnic Invisibility' of Early Syrian-Arab Immigrants to the United States."
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Genevieve R. Joseph
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Genevieve Rose Joseph
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
circa 1980s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0062_2_2_001
1980s
Education
Essays
Immigration
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/5e8f75d9373164abd109150d1828688e.pdf
c736a3e863a00c3fc811b1c26b2e3584
PDF Text
Text
i r· c:!
r·~j rn <:-:-:
"'f t \-;;.' L) /:". '; .. (?:' ~~. f':.:• C' E-:, :;:; C F.-:, -~ ·, t; .t J.
::-::· r· :i. ::•? (i C: '-::-: 0
r· ;;:, i::) :~; \··•,) i-J :·, J !Ii iii j C! I . • ., t_. \:' cl +. C
+.:h E• 1 Ji-, i t (':'·cl 1•:, t ,~ t F··,:::- h Ci ·t-:. t'i du·, i r,r} •: 1·-, E: t . PE· i.: ;:- t t°; E •· r..·t::-:••...i
j ,.. i rn _;_ ~4 .-- ~~\ t j o 'f"1 ''
( J. '-J l.::l . :·1 :• ::~ t D
:I 7 f?. ,;'+ ) :• :.::<. n ci P i-- ,:-·, D 1::;. 1.. \J :-, c c. ,~ mF• z:1 ·"· \ E· .... 1,--J ~--.. r c:I ,,
I t :i. S:- ff;-~./ t) r:;! } i c::: ·-f· t; t···, ;:;, t: t . }--·} E::• ;~·1-f- 1:·~- .:::t ·••-(·~: r1·1 ;-:::= ·s ·- :>. c:: -":.i T~ :-:, >! l=' [-:-: , y- ·"i_ {·.·:·: I I<: t-::: t···: c.t ~==- f~t f:: <-::.
( ... r"" ll" '''> V
d ,-:-: • •::; c: r· j !:.., F• d ·f r o m ,":1 ~~=- c, c: :i. .-::, J h j_ <:,:. "·: c:, i-· 1 c: ,:::, J. p E'! r· \::.~ p r-:·: c: t i -...1 •~':1 L \ .l t ·i ; ·, <:::·
S~rv·;,l<>t ·+-"§ r
r·: () -r·: t: r· 'j_ t:£ Ll t· i c: ·;· } c, •·r t: 1·· , .:::t ·t. t:, ::-'. i:::t ;_:_-:.:, ·: .. ."t E· ';"""s .-::: (~:, t: l) t: i..., tZ:: t.) C d ·::l r ·f t: 1·-1 Fj (.1 ·1 .. f:? ·t J c· i:":\ l
\ (f ~•JSQ .,,. c, ~
!-::•-,r,v.tJc-:-c!i_:'.-:.: i:. 11:::iou·:·; E••t:1-·1r..,i. c1i:\. :in ('1rr1c-·r-1c.::' i-1,::1.,;~ r,c:•t ·::,::.:.,-)t bc:t1:.,n
{~ ·:::.
:::;. ff1
:::"'
·( t··{
Cl ~-:-? ·r·~ e
:i. ·:-·;
j_ f°! tr:,, r E• :.~ t,_ f:.' c:l
T:
h
·r· E: t·
0
(
1 () ·, ""j
.. ], (: :":;! .,...,
1:1
J
-r (. "'.,
\':! ··-: p
1:::.'
1
1
7'
1
1
1
1
·, ·,
1
t: ·t; }··i t-:.: {-?1 -r· c:·1 1:::t .... (:·J 'fl E·: "f- j_ c: -: ·:•~ ·r·i F::. >' F) f-:-i -~ ]. (--.:
== •'.'.;~ ~-i
c· Ct r·i t.: r· J. t_~ l. t: {=!:! ~-.: :::, [ ! t i r· i< r·:{) !/~i]. ;:Z:'(j <;f-:-:. ~-°\ L·! Ct i...\ + ,.-:;:, r.: l'"·i --~ i r·· j_ '\; :.-I r{flJ. ~;:. t cf f!:: ::::.c· ,·· J :::'.t
t t' i {:·\ +_: r:.-:· :-:: }:) <:-:~ r· i i.::-:_., i ..1'°:·.: E~' -::'l 'f""1 cl cl \-.-:: ·r -:~:} r· P""; t y-- t·:-:, i-1 c1 i_. 1 ·c. c! i ·f· ·•fr:::, r· ~:: . ·f· -r· C) · rs () t: F:-:-: ·r·
{-\ n-1 E-':'• r 1 c: c-'1 -, :i. mm I ~:_l c· E, f ..; t G.•:• ; ;: F' '<-:: r-- i F: .. r-. c F:• ~~:- o t· t·; u i.. , :i. t.: ~-~. d p r::i o r· t.: ~-:,- +!· ·1 : _,.; o r :,, C! ,,::.
f";··c:irr, t!--·;c_:: E:•>:pc,-:·-r· ::1-:::·nc:F:·•i::• c,·f oti··,f.:,·r· t":? t: t-·, ·, ..1 ; r.. c~ "f- i) l _! ;:::. ~:-:
A)-· ~:, ·• ;,:·
Tu th i -:;::, E'::nd :• I 1,.,, j 11 ,;.:1 t t:1::=::mp t: t c:, :i. (< .. E
I ·;·- \j
C!
·l·· f::.! ·, ·- ( "Ci
i
·1.
i
J
("$ (_~..
~.\ti--, {~•
1
{""j ;::: ;-:-:•
r
1
1•.
?.
J ··,
-::::, l' t..
/.::, l)
!!
t.,J r i t: 1 r·1 c1 i r·t (:.~ c:- c: i
F·rc,"f,, -.Ti)!··· i·i 1.... c: q:::1r-1
~~) J:.t ,-· i .---, \_]
1 -:/ El ·.?
(:.1 C:."!
~-i
l c) c:i •.:
:i. mm :'L <J ,.. i::t t: :i. o n t- f) (:·,mi::.·:· r i c: i:..t V·J :i. J 1 :·1 n \·' o 1 \/ <::·• E·· ·;; ;,:1 rr· i n :i. n q t b ..:.:
• :;_-t c: J.:: Cj -~ .. Cc \ l ·cs c3 ~~.
Ct ·f lJ C) t' i..·; ·t \· 'J :::: (·'.•:? -~-:·1 -r· ] j_ E:, r· ~~:,\ ·1-; c!
j (·~\ '1'" E--· ·,-- i rn ff ·:. (.\ ·1 • r) ·1 .., t:. ::.
i. r·i c: J. l. · c! ~. f"i (_:_: j:) r.. "i rn i·~·t i" ·::·' c· {) : -~ .•-it: r· l v-:
·f'
r· ~- {_] 1 f'
-r· F. : :!. :\ {_:_:J ·) C• :-·i !i .:;\ fl ~J r· E·:, E:·! ~:; <: r i \...
..;-· I') r·
{::· ¼Ti ·t C} ·: - E:"! t: i () ·,-, ,,
·rt···1<-:::i i) '~: c: } t r::i C.:"1 \·; j_ C-: ·r·i <:~~ '.l y·· E·: :-=-~ i cl c-:, ·r·1 {"~ r::~ l) , j .i.. +.: f::~' ._... "f..i :::. ;}
c. cj t.l c: ~~1 ~-: :;_ c: ri
-·i ci
c~ t t :::. ~-- c! tr, :-=~;. () r· t- 1 ..j E-:· r <•:•.} A.t 1 -~ / .;:., r· .... -'t ..: r:::· r :I i n-, rn j_ ~:J r \::t ;··~ ·'·: s:; rr it. t ::::. t:
i::· 1 ·==.::. c, !::i F.:., ~-=! ·--~ €:·:·1 ,-r~ i "f-, E-:, fj •>
··=~:. 1.-•.: ~=· 1 1 •::' ~:~
t.: I···, c:= ?'; rn c~-, ·:-- 1 :::: ;:·. ·i-, 1:::r \) 1 1 t; i r ·· ~·:·:·f t ~-{ } .., lJ
II
1 ~::.
1;
'.")
~?
C:1
1
1
<
1
~·::,
:.·=·=·,
r .. C' l ,:,• t: i ;::. ·i-°' '::::-!·--: :i. ;:::r
l:::• f:·: +:. i-.,i c• c• -r·
c!f.-:•s::--:::· £•:-:,r·cj~·:·,r1t.:!:::.
~~-t
1
'!
1·.: !··: r::,
1 1 ;:~:· ·1 • i. rr: rn i. iJ ·, .. i::1 r-, t: ,,::. ,:1. ·, ..:cl
i. rPfni \-_:_. r- tti.r·t"t~!:: ;_A~.! J J. ,: ~. J. s:~-c1
t !·.., 1:·, 1 -. ..
E• ,::·t} ..
t~!·--,<-~-, t!E:t:-.J<:.·:r·
-1c:
~.1'-•:·.
1 .:·::. {) 1..., E:"( ~' ;.:-:-: t: }..·1 c::: t: E:"t ~:::- l-:: c, ·f ··f E:"!. fl"i i 1 -L -:";°:t ·s .. i :2 i ·1 fj rn \ ·:::. F: :t ·f
vi :i. t: f-1 i:: hr.:.::, 1 'J t: E-:• \-· s"3. -1_._. i. ,_ 1·· i-?::• o ...., 1:::. l-.. h ·--;:; c: i t / t: !::< "" \•::• •::•: 1, .•'. h E, ·l:.: ;:·! r· c c:; f .. ••-:· :::;_ ~=: h ,~-,_ ~,:
i:··, r-.·:, ::·- ·r·; ft i /::, c! (-:
:;:·1 fi c:1
,~) (:) -::~- : ':'.• .: t) ; ·y' c! -'L ~- c~ Cr ... I :-':. ~· - r.".'.; ·r·, :·;. c: i-. (-"'..! l_.\l: -~~ :l c· !-· £-.:~ ! ·; i:"'.{ l \/ c: i {-~- () ·f
-:_.h':.·:· (\,-t\i::°J·····('irnF·:-·j_c:;t\r·1 F,· r,1:,.-:f-~.c:·r-1c;.:.:-: C.::E;n +:ill,
:. E:~ ~::: f-:-·, ,·::1 ·r· {=
r
j···1
l,\l
.i J. 1
E:r
0
+· i-·: -~- -::::.
f••·· ~--' .-· -~:
f
·1 -· {
l ]
~:) t:. t. ~---j
t.\
l
·i; \)
t. ·f· ·. l }
i.:··J ]. ]_
rn .:·:\ {"i ;: f.:) E:'-. t: !·--i ~:::. ·:: -j''" :'i. Ci L.l i }- ':. I u
i_ ~~~- ::/ f,-:_.:, ·t: t: \") i:::t f.-:! ·j F:~ -~-- r::·: iT; :!. f i ;:_~ Ci ~'
1
.w•.
1 "(·
J.
L:S f::.
··F 'f
i •.i.
j -~~ ··f l..i.
l
j
p c:"t t h
r:1 , ·· (:i f) '=« i~:. i~-,
l
·1 ::~-
j_ } :;.
l'
L 'v \::•
.:._l
;)
�S t>
'!
·••
.i. s::I
:. . . . . .. . .
,.
• l. \ .. 1 11 ;1
.....
.)
I.U
��o·..i.
\J t.J
:, ,.-::1
:l l.. f. ('.} ...i. h
,:::dni::1 .. .1.f:':'i
!, [
1_._:_,
.Jr, :-l, l r{ :::;
-=.-:? :::,
:·.1
:::i 1_:}_l J.
~\lt ,:-:-:•) t I, ! !
.:!--- ()
p •::;) p pf:
q l.':.l .J !,::;!
:.\.
~-.-1 l.J e:1 :::> T .. 1. •:::> d ;< ,:-::-l
.J !:}
T.J. ~-:-:-) VJ i:}
,:::-> \ ·, t1 ·1_: tJ.
tJ. t::) -~- :·:~. ~_;_:.: ...f. f}
,;
,; ,:::J
T d !J.i i,:.:_I :< ,:::->
f'.P.).
...I O
,: :·) u. ·1.: T
r1 tJ. \_:3
( +/ i':::: ()
·t_: .).
:::I
.:::11...i ·.\.
b 1.J. T ;::. /. T ,.::.' u. l:.:., u. :r
:-:i, L \ lJ d
i:7i q
/\.'[,::::J'..\!?i.J.!T:l{i"\
·::::T
:·.\. .. \ q
.J. ,:~-j -~:
p i•:•:l u
T ...i. -;_,: ,
/::, (3 EI
T
r:.r
11
r :.1.1;;.1 q \\'\
:::~ j_J ~-:.' ::,
Tc:1
i::> ..;.
1;:_l
·::::.:·.1. t.J }_:_:_:- ..5. r·. !.
T ,·-i :::, l u. i.•.'.' u. ·i_: u.1 c p •::::!Li:.\. / . q
('.:) t.J. \:.?
·::::
U. ,::} ·1.: :.\. \.:.; ...l !:) 'C !J.i u.; ·i_:
L} ~\,'\ ::::-} ·:::~ (} t.\ ·:i ;-
•=::;
:::; (°'{ .J. ::i,
.J ,:~~-) /\ ,:-~-:Jf/1_ t)f, .. j
i:.': i.J. { r:> i.J. ~-:-: :
U. •:'.·:/ c'!:il t\•\ :·.j. ::.::; q
(}
fj 1.J ·~ .J. \:_:_~ c:{ i..U (} :::>
1
::.-:-)
:l l r, :) .J. (>
::1. u. i_;_:.i 1\ .:,:-i 1 •=::i .).
1:::i -~: qi'-'\ •:,:: ·i:
i...
T
1
{Jr:•:·:•)/\ ·i,: ..J.. .J. 1:.::•
" ,:-J ...1 i ·1 :.\.
.J 1'.·::} :·:i. r:_i
·~:1 :-:-:11 .J. r,
{ \,:,:_: __ i. (\ ::~
:"-1-
1
T pi...\ f.f
rt r:>
.J. ~-:•:· }iv\(! c:i
i::) ,::~} :·:1..J, ::-::.-) ;-:: ~:-:-)
-~: UJ HJ ·i_: .J. c> :-~-! U.5 -~: :·.l- ,:-: -) c.i :.~
c~ ~-~: f:; ti. -~: 1J.1 ...t. (} .J..
-:•: •} Lt :l
i::} (} \ .. ( ,:-::1 1:::l
,::-:·) ...i. f\ ·:::; ·:::; ~-::-} .J. (:I
i..J. ()
:-: ·} i\ '.:, Li ;\ 1_:~> !J.!
u \'.
q b ! ·'! o q :·.1 J. o
c:1 . ~.; ...I. i,::,:-~
T ,_:_:_:•
~-l· .. J ,~-::-> /\ ,.)
./. '[ ...i \.:i,l .:::1
-:::i i:_:_o ;'-...,
l.1./ 1./.1 ·i_: . T
T C} cf
·1.: :'.). t
t.i. \.:.!: :J
·1_:
UJ ~JJ
1_:
p ;::1 n ·:::i .J , \ d
•:::; :·.1. u. ·1:.:l ...1. h 1 uJ ,.u c
"i.: .J 1:•:2 UJ (::;J ·-··
c:i i:.:.l ..J. !.::) .J. ()
·a~e1 o+ sapr7ap auo 4~t4M MarA
'i_'.
IJ.J ..! ,:::•) '.:\. ,:·:':! p
l.~:::}f.·,::) .. i.C(dl.'.'.!
l...j'.J'!_:l.\i"'i
,::: -~
!, b U. ;J ...l !'-I!
:·.\. i.:.:1 l..! :·.~ ,::•:) :Ju. ·r, ·:~;
·:::i'~-
'.\>JU.
T .. J.
:l!::'l...\(i
·:::i'i_:
'..\.!..,1,1,::,>:'_)...i.i::idUJ'i_:
:.1. q h
...I. 0
" /. :·.1. T ::·) '[ U. '...j ·:.j. i::·)
.J. () :.\. CJ ,:·:•:) f..ij c:t i::; T : •~-.~> /\ ,:•'::} r)
'.,i, ·e q
,:] l.i.J (: ·::::
'..\. J. O
.J. (J
1.:.=:
fj u. ·\: :.::: /. I e u. 1.:.:.1
·::;; .1.
:::;
ii
·::;:, '.t l...f. ;_::,! •. i l::) T ;J.) U.J
T\;l
t'·-'i ,:·:·:·i u.
j. 0
t.} :·1 ·1_: t-A
·r
(:'j !..,; ·r_:
r> t..f. 1_:,:_; :·-1, ·:::; .J ,:-.:·} f:) l_J r-,
.:). i::
·:::i :·.j. L !. i.:,:_i p '. I.,:::·) ::., ~~::, ~::,j p
11
1•.J.
() 'f.: ::}, (:,:_}
/. .J ·1.: ). u
:::l p
l
\
·t.: iJJ
.::i ::,.
p
i::'J U. 'i: \::) p \"i ('
f:i -~: uJ UJ
·1_:
) .. J'.:)
i•:-:->
~
\-i
.:J·····'
i...l. 'i_:
I..) '..). '( ;v\
·:.\. I..!. i:::'
{ f:·
:J
'!_: '..;,
'!: '[ 0
d pl...i. e
p ,:-,:•) /\ ..J ;::•:} ·:::; ,::::•) ...!. d ,::~,) .J. \_'.:.1
:::)
'l_:
J. 'l. u. b
T ·:::i
'..). ·1:.:_; I...! :.,.
j .. (}
.:i,.
t•:•} :::}f,J::·'::)
i·J q
i_:
o :·\. u ·i:
'!_: ::)
1::) •..!.
c!
1.iJ ·:::;
'[
-~-~-; /\
J:} ·}_:.~
d ('~ O ..!. b
~-1· : -: } CJ cl ·;_: LI·:::; 1.J ;:1 -~: :l '-:~: l
t:•:~} i.. ,f :·.).
...<.. e o.J
1:·:•:; : ]
CJ, ,: _-:,) 'f"f
,; u o
::1. f.
..J 1:•:~•}
·t_:
l
.J ).:.~- ~-:-:¼
{ ) .. 1..J.
·i_:
/JJ i.:.::•
-:~·':} t.; :l
:•:~-1 .J.
1
t.i :J
\
T i_: w
·1,: L} t..-·\
!_: ::::
:::i 1.:,::,
'. \. :::i ,:::::id·:::;\:::! ...f.
fj tJ.
::-:•1 t••• f :·.1.
·1_:
::1. fl
() :.).
1
C'i 1•..1. 'C !.. !_
c{ r·) (} .J [}
./:. f.1 UJ
...i. 'f_l l n :::) l '. ) ...:. \.~.1 c:!
·i; ...i. ::> ';::i ,: u. Gp ..I. I'.:) f:.l
·i_: . .J.
i.~P c} tu ;J :::J
;< ;:J
u. >::> ·i: :.1. v.:.i .J i::> !'.·:1 '..i. u. \. ::J 1 l.i.l o u. o :'.:i-:::·}
U. f! '.::) ·1.: ...l. ~:-::i i.i.! •.:.)
·n '..j. T'i"\ ::'.i (l n O .). fj
·:::, ;:::) ·:::; () d
p l,..i. i:.~
.J,:::-}c:(;-:: ::•:•:•1 r:-::.•}i,.,i:.).
·1.: '..).
,:-:•:·) .:) r,.J
I•.•\ :·,1-
.J. f::'} r:•:•:•) {:J
f::i tJ. ·,~-.:.,
...I. •:·:.-i IJ.! \}
d \ Li \:::• i.. 1 ,:;~) ;:~:
-~:; ,:-:-:-} •..!.
1:•:~·} ,:-::_-~
l
:.~:1
;._i, .:,:::; ,:-~·:-i t·A
1.:.:1 ·1; .J. ~:!.-) '..).
~.J. ,:-::> :-:i. ,.:~_;
" / . :l ,.-::-1 r ~:i o ·:,:i u. 1.:.=: :::> I
p J..,;, ;c_:,
'-:::
T ·:1 i: =::: ·:~i •::l d
.. .l. 0
·:::; -:•:•:•) :1\ ';_:_:_i t·lt
-~;:; t.i. 1.:.:? :::> ·t.~ ... 1. ,:·:·:·} U.! l.:.~i .... \~::~ 1~:! .J \)
\It ,:•.~:=i Lt
·t.'. ,:;;; •:;:; 'i.::_;
,:,-.-) ;::'.·i ., 1. f::'l ,:-:::)
·:::~ :·.1. t.J \:~; .J
r··1
: 1:::..
r·· i......
.J. (j
·-l Li. t::, ..J. t::'i TUJ u.J ·r_: .d-· (} ,:-:-:-}/·•. ';_:_:_, t•/;
o ·:::i
,::i ::1 ::Jr:.; .J
: ~:-) '·-i :·.f.
.J ()
:-:i, u. i:.'!" •..I. i:::i ·;_. l.!J Hi ·i.:
T ';;_:3 .. .!. l"'! l d
::,. ;< ,:::•) 'l U i::, :::) ,:•::) 1...j '.,i,
.:;'.. 0
r l.'? ..!. r i :·.1. Tr \ .J
·:::i U. (} 'f.
;; / ..
:·.)....!. G
d
l T'f! l...l. ·1.: .:::l
�/\ .. ..... J...
!···Ii
,::l i...i
against Arab3 which e>·ists in American society, pa~ t of its
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Joseph Family Papers
Subject
The topic of the resource
Belly dance
Lebanese Americans
Marines
Photographs
World War II
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Genevieve Rose Joseph
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Genevieve Rose Joseph
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1931-2015
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Inventoried by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2022 May. Processed by Allison Hall and Rachel Beth Acker, 2023 April-August. Collection Guide created by Allison Hall, 2023 September.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
French
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0062
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
Digital material in this collection is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Physical material in this collection is also available to researchers. For questions or to access a collection, please contact us at kcldsarchive@ncsu.edu. Please give at least 48 hours for responses to any inquiries regarding the materials.
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical Note</h4>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Genevieve R. Joseph, also referred to in the collection as Genny, was born in Poughkeepsie, New York on February 6th, 1963. Genevieve R. Joseph has three siblings, including an older sister Beatrice Ann Joseph (1947-2008) and two older brothers, one of which is Michael James Joseph (born October 16th, 1954). She earned an Associate’s degree in Liberal Arts Honors and Communications and Media Arts in 1983, a Bachelor’s degree in Communication from SUNY Albany in 1985, and a Master’s degree in Sociology with a concentration in Race and Ethnicity, also from SUNY Albany, in 1988. She then <span>worked as a social science researcher for the State of New York. </span>Genevieve R. Joseph took up Middle Eastern belly dancing as a hobby and was a member of the </span><span style="font-weight:400;">Yallah Dance Ensemble based in Albany, New York in the early 1990s. In 1996 she moved to North Carolina and became involved with the Triangle Lebanese Association; she coordinated the first Lebanese Festival at the North Carolina state fairgrounds in 1999. In North Carolina, she <span>worked as a nonprofit program manager for global education and cultural exchange, and fundraiser for visual arts and conservation of nature. </span>Genevieve R. Joseph married Philip White in 200</span><span style="font-weight:400;">6.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Genevieve Norman Joseph (1924-2011), Genevieve R. Joseph’s mother, was born in Poughkeepsie, New York to Sam Norman (1883-1972) and Rose Nader Norman (1889-1955). Rose Nader Norman ran a neighborhood grocery store and the couple managed their home as a boarding house. Genevieve Norman Joseph, also known as Gen, married Charles Michael Joseph (1918-2002) of Wendell, North Carolina on March 2, 1946. Genevieve Norman Joseph was a member of the Lebanese American Daughters, an organization closely related to the </span><span style="font-weight:400;">Lebanon-American Club of Poughkeepsie. She also </span><span style="font-weight:400;">worked as a Nursing Aide. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Charles “Charlie” Michael Joseph, Genevieve R. Joseph’s father, was born in Connecticut to parents Namy </span><span style="font-weight:400;">Yusef Becharra</span><span style="font-weight:400;"> and Julia Asmer in 1918 and was raised in Wendell, North Carolina from the age of eight months. He had nine siblings: Lucy, Eddie (Naim), Mamie (Thmam), Charlie (Khalil), George (A'Eid, Geryus), Evelyn (Jamila), Helen (Thatla), Abe (Ibrahim), Joe (Yusef), and Dolores (Julia).</span><span style="font-weight:400;"> His father, Namy Joseph, ran a store on Main Street and another one beside the family home. </span><span style="font-weight:400;">Charlie Joseph served in the US Marines during World War II and was honorably discharged in 1945 as a corporal. He was stationed in Recife, Brazil and Guam during the war. In Poughkeepsie, Charlie Joseph ran a luncheonette and was active in the Lebanon-American Club, serving as its president from 1962 to 1966. Upon their daughter Genevieve R. Joseph’s graduation from SUNY Albany in 1985, Genevieve and Charlie moved from Poughkeepsie to Wendell, North Carolina, Charlie’s hometown.</span></p>
<h4>Scope/Content Note</h4>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">The Joseph Family papers contain materials related to three generations of the Joseph family as well as families related to them. The collection focuses on the lives of Genevieve Norman Joseph, her husband Charles Joseph, and their daughter Genevieve R. Joseph. The collection also includes materials related to Genevieve R. Joseph’s grandparents and their extended family, both in Lebanon and in the United States. </span><span style="font-weight:400;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Much of the collection consists of photographs from the early twentieth century to the twenty-first century. The photographs primarily include family photographs and portraits, as well as photographs from Charles Joseph’s deployment during World War II in Brazil and Guam. Also included in the collection are materials related to Genevieve R. Joseph’s dance career, newspaper clippings, articles from the </span><span style="font-weight:400;">American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, materials related to Charles Joseph’s time in the Marines, event pamphlets and flyers, prayer cards, obituaries, academic materials, correspondence, and some physical objects.</span><span style="font-weight:400;"></span></p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"The Arab-American Experience: A Proposal for Research" by Genevieve R. Joseph
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lebanese Americans
Description
An account of the resource
Proposal titled "The Arab-American Experience" for research in sociology written by Genevieve R. Joseph in the spring of 1987 for a class called Writing in Sociology with Professor John Logan.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Genevieve R. Joseph
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Genevieve Rose Joseph
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1987
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0062_2_2_002
1980s
Education
Essays
Immigration
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/8012b2c3f54712d50d281cbfa55f4b6a.pdf
0288bc6d0ecc8a4012a7e28cd59bf422
PDF Text
Text
It
£~~iJ0v
;;Jl__'-;t}~ocf {}~
£--U~__,b ~ ~ q5
½~ ~
?P0-0~eon~J 0/Yld .M/.~
AJA/~ ~~A-CC
,.
A £ ; ? ~ -~ ~
-~
30Q.; cJoo
1.~ ~ A ~ G
~~~'/'~ . ~
~~/?~~
~M/Y\ ~
()h1.4 · ~~
x~
Jf)
i-1 ~
~ MM~;Cu/?J~
.
~ ~~
~ ~
~
)
J
-(~
~
a-zlu-LL-
~~
~ .
~CV~~~'
.J;l;,,u; ~
~
~/7G
~ -~
/4A~
A~.
yt-?~, ~ -~~ ~t:o
~ ~~ cu,,,d ~
-~
/4vx+ ~ ~-ffi~
1 //~
~
a- /YI~~_)
~
~~f.& --
o./4u ~
{JALJ.h-· /MA~ .~
~_x:) .
~ --~~~J
~yn
~
Jn ·~ , v ) ( , ( 2 ~ ~ ~
, ~),;_,
~
~
)
'vn-~ ·
·-
,
AWi-
,
~
W Lfr/L• _) .
vY ~ . . l h ~ ~
fii--e ~~
~ A M - 0 '7?--CL<J
;!)~ ~ ('»~_ju).,
~
~
~
I
, ~~/ ~
�~
~ ~~ L)
o6
~~
0
~
'--&<>~ ~
.,Cu
)
~ 0,6 ,or)AYU., ~
~ .x/4_, ~ J L c1tf I f 7G ~:12~
'
::J ; 6
MA~~
(
0 1 ~ ~ A : J 0 ~ ~ ~ otc;_L
~~
/l~
I
~~
•
' - fav
./46 ~ ~ ~
CYL
J
/Y'~
-
.,yU_)
.-'/J ~
-~~~
)
~
,rL--d
I,A,/,_.tn_b ,
T
c<~ ~~ >14<)
!
~
I~ ~,,
-~
I -
-/
~~ ~~
{~ ·
J-r
J,j/ / ~~ ~
~
c.;
- u,()
~
¼£fa«; /4/Yl
L/ ~~
~ I VO
I~
~
AJu.>e
'
~
~
;;f.Rk ( V x ~_,u ~
· - - -· ··-C7
~Aj-2£!! c~ ~ -
!~
I
! .
/C/)~
/ ? _ --,().,_
/1/1
~
~--':?
o ...:i;,&,
~~ 3 ~ ' -~
!~
~ ,f:lv, u,
~
.
- ~ '~
~__j ~
Cw
CD-")'Y/./JefU./1.. ,,,<L
' )
~
l ~ ~ ~ cU41J ~~ . a,,,~
~ ~ ~ ~tf~~
q
:.,-IA ~
I
°15 ~ k .
·- 1 J
~
r'I ~-
{!Qyx~~
~.
';5(~
+~
!
//
'-;t-:' '
~0
~...,L .. ~~ (~
_R .#-/ ' .,.,. · • : .,1
./4/?-ul ~ -~
~ ~ ~_;:;t~ ~~ er6
ALY /Y'~-ZJL ~
J
w~-
~
) =-9z5 3
/?-M~ ~
_)
~ _ x ~ _.) ?7),,LJALljy]'l/4) ~
µJvyU)J
~ ~ ~~
('.
»7Cf:o
�~ » } ~ ~ ffi__,_;_
/J?UJfl'11j ~-><2,
~~°'6~~#1~·
~~ ~ h .~ ~
~
,)
/ OU)~~~.t:h
~~~
~ /?~-ct
.h.#_j
0~
y:;oLw/~. Ill,µ
<zlb.-e_J2d__, ,~
-~1:J?:;"J ►Ll1l~//J?t_)
0/UP~
[Y!_
~AJL
~
~ ~ ~
-
~~ ·~
-~
f f i l ~ ~ /J / Y ~ ~
(
~ ~~ -#uMJ ~ ¼ Vz,
>?0~ - ~ ') 0/Lt c&J~ ~ 1h
of
06 ~~
~
/l,('~
/Lb
~tU) '
'/I/~
~ ~1-_; -~
aAv
Cfd)~
_,Uy?~ ~
~~ J-vY-/2 ~ ~ ' ~
/I~
.
.
_Lk
'v
.~~
e
6 .~ '-P~~~~
~ ~ o-12,4--V
c9{;£;le
l/l__v:}_~
{ J I ; ~ P--0-~ 0 ~
/tJ2-d.l~_;_./y-{~_.(rn.,
~~
.
~--zfo~-~
~
ozj -~
~ ~
~~
~ 1
~
.
VJ~VY~ ff/U'Jvd:M>J
? J ~ ~~ ~➔ Cu-.L
~ /"/'/!
'~ k
~~_.R_,/)y(_L / I ~ ~._d, ~
0~
~
y
~~
'y-<J.
··
~
w~
~~
(9{:A_.,£/1___;
~~
_,b,
-~~
~
~
-;{,
~~~-/J~
~~ <
~
•
~
�~.;.J/1.Ld.- ~ ~
~Yio~ ~ffe
'.'.f~ ~ t./d4 ) ~ 71l(U,tfl</4 ~ ~~ ~Y;J ~..,ced y<Y?~~ 0 ~
~ ~ 11(1/;~
/!~
~
0-e/2~ ~
C,{ f i ~ ~
~~ ~ .~
IJ
~ ~
/)??~.J; ~ ~
':J.~ _) ~ ~
66
v
if f/1~ C/iA~. ~ '7?~ / J ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ h ~ -~ ~~
_.i.A .Or;, 7'?.lj.,()~ _, cvL ~~ ~-'--/J~ ,
?(~ 1
~ f.f i ,
~ ~ -~ . ';;;/½ ~~ ~ ~
[~ ~ Jd,.,oJJUf}, /) '/J~_ ~
_e,, M ~
:'I°➔ ~ ,,,/J
J
~ ozf ~ ~
.~
'.-Jt(!;t::f'rt-;(<l:@'( ~ ,~ JILU/4
I
(].
I
. -
,
!~
I
\ ~~
_ /
•A
I\
•
VA/ - . -/}-
/)
!..
/J -
_) ( µ ~~ ~~
~
1
{JA_jL
A
~ ;;f~~
id ~,~_, ~ ~ ~
, 9 l ~ n ~)-~-A d -~ 1
~
~~ Cbu0 ~
_; 'r~
::J/iL 1t/~
:
~ ~ . J & ; : J -~
~
://~
/r/l.,ij1Jv'
'
~,u)
~ olJw,~
:G t ~ ~ n ~ ~ J
lA. M ~l
j ~ ~~ ~~ ~
l~ ,o-64t ~~ . ~ ~ ~
~ j / ~ ~ b0 ~ , , a _ £ ~ V- ~
~ -~J--().feX; ~ ~~~ ~ f f n ~
I
~ _,/,,,_,, . ~
'TY'"'----
-,~
\
�'?P~
/ fiz~ ~,d,?~
~~ ~
'0
';P~ll,1/)_,t) J ~ ¥t-?Me
~ Gt .;tck_, ~ ~ • 'tj½ OJl~J>t.et:C
/r.-
;fl;~ f r / ? ~ M~~ _,/J)( >f'~ - t
.) ~ ~~ .k
~
~ ~~
~~~
~ ~ ~
/Y/1~
~~~ .~
Jk/1 ~-
e A ~ ~ .~~ .~
&
/Y1_,UY± ff71AK ~
k
J
_:tA~
~ £ ~;;C,/2~ \
~ .~~~
~ ~../ ~ ~
; P ~ ,/f~
~~
.
~ l6J 00i
~ ~~
,/?»
-A_~
I~
~/XAY/
~~-
~
-
~~ ~ v n ~ ~ t £
~ ~~ \ ~.A.,~~
~~ 91 ~_/L<J-L _j.L) / n ~ ) ~ )
' 197 ;
,U,t ;t.h..,u>
~
0-
_/~~~ __;U_O~ ~ ~ '~
q
m1AA A1 ~ ~ ~ / 1 ; ~ , e~~~
~~~ ~ ~
J
~
~1)
A
.~
~
-~
_,4~~
-<~
~ - - -J/\...
ft~/.10
rJ../?1
/7~
J
~ ~ -~ _CJfi-4
~ M l ~ . _ / )~
~~
ft-1l
Llo/?~fl
a_., ~
~-~¥
- ~
c/~.J ~ u_ ~A.,4 ~
./4.,l/A...-UY~ ~ ~ ~ .
~y_£
~~~ -~
h
�/U,d ~~ u-t ~~
~ ~
~1/
~J
l~
~
,·
> D ~ qf ,,~
><~~, #~~ ~~
.A .,v~ .-W.Aftt. -> ~ 1k,, ~
~ ~ ~ ~~
v
~ ,,VAV..-&,t
{0J~-<>-1; /4 ~ ~ o--5 ~~.
~~ -~~ ~ 6 6 ~
:::Jk
cyJ.,o.1:, -~
~e.~
~ ~ .~
~<)
A YU~~~~
?r?~ ~ A ~ d~
i
~ ~ ~ ~~
I~ -~
:~
~
_:&.u,-¼ ,
~X:,
)h.hCL ~~
v?-£ a.
~ ~ ~ ~ . {J)-,, ~
1y/~ ~
J¼_
~
11,,-4..o...u-e, :.,.__, /?~»--L
c/J!r?! :t, ~ ~
~
~~ ...uJ--A<..d; ~
~ ~ ~ ~ V.J~
I~
!04t.4' ~ ad/4,c ~ , ) ~ o&n 1; __M..e,
cnL
Lto -~ ~ ~~ ~ l l J ~
·
~A·
I
i
?¾-a£
~ {h_a6 ~ ~ .h!> ~
~ ~ I?. 0 - ~JVY1...ul_) ~ ~ 0---u...
i ~~ ~
~ ~ C 8 ) ' 1 ~ ~ ~ Jft1
I ✓~ , ~~
1
- o f ~ -~
~ ~ ~ o.__: ~~~ ~__p_,> ~~~ Ob
~ -- JU ,~ ~ ~
i~----0
~~,, J
.,/4~
b f ~1 ~
J ~
_)
~~
1~of:{J , I ~~~-I~//~
�~
.
~~IA ~
#Y'~ GYX.d
<307
~ ) _ ) ) . ~ ~ - / 1 ~ .M ~ ~I~
~_
, d ~ J~ ~ L ) ~ J5
-~
a-t
Lk .~
~ ~_) -~
~
~~.u
(Y/}\fo1
-~ A M J
&~
GflJX~/?1JJ..-Jx1~
~ ~~ ~
~ ~ J (]ArJC/~~~~qf ~
/Y'JJJ 2 _) o O
,/}71._,<J,r
~ ~ ~L '
~~ ~~ .~
~~~
~ Ml ~~.
~ ~ {~ ~
~ . ~~
~ J _ ?Ji{/M4~
'JP~~ ~_}, ,· (/ t:icu~ J/j
c/.«;-,b~
fih -~
//I~
~ ~ ;_,6 ./4
~ ~ f l _ , J97(,J ~.,cuL
11
P~
k/UY?'<~,
~ ~ . f . ~ '1A/'~
-1
wA~
~~f_J ~
~ M -~
~
:rYU.-LO( ~ ~ Li;
O-fi1
✓ ~ / ' ~: ;;:b~ u ~
µ~ ~
~
-frt .
-~
~ < J A , A ~ ~ -~
,.._,, LJL.,'-'-V
--
'1fA--o ~ L , / ' L ~ ~ ~
~/4
/ l ~/ J'/J~ . ~Cvx_,d
-4~
~~ ~
~ ~~
'~
_,,un ~~ F-<V)~J/YYI~
£, ~ J < 1 . j ~ )
ef
.~
CbVU~.'-CF-1 , 0-.fll,(',/
·'v~
-~
)
l(5
Q/-Lu-t.~./
~ ~ ,/o-,~,AJ:,
'
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Joseph Family Papers
Subject
The topic of the resource
Belly dance
Lebanese Americans
Marines
Photographs
World War II
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Genevieve Rose Joseph
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Genevieve Rose Joseph
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1931-2015
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Inventoried by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2022 May. Processed by Allison Hall and Rachel Beth Acker, 2023 April-August. Collection Guide created by Allison Hall, 2023 September.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
French
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0062
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
Digital material in this collection is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Physical material in this collection is also available to researchers. For questions or to access a collection, please contact us at kcldsarchive@ncsu.edu. Please give at least 48 hours for responses to any inquiries regarding the materials.
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical Note</h4>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Genevieve R. Joseph, also referred to in the collection as Genny, was born in Poughkeepsie, New York on February 6th, 1963. Genevieve R. Joseph has three siblings, including an older sister Beatrice Ann Joseph (1947-2008) and two older brothers, one of which is Michael James Joseph (born October 16th, 1954). She earned an Associate’s degree in Liberal Arts Honors and Communications and Media Arts in 1983, a Bachelor’s degree in Communication from SUNY Albany in 1985, and a Master’s degree in Sociology with a concentration in Race and Ethnicity, also from SUNY Albany, in 1988. She then <span>worked as a social science researcher for the State of New York. </span>Genevieve R. Joseph took up Middle Eastern belly dancing as a hobby and was a member of the </span><span style="font-weight:400;">Yallah Dance Ensemble based in Albany, New York in the early 1990s. In 1996 she moved to North Carolina and became involved with the Triangle Lebanese Association; she coordinated the first Lebanese Festival at the North Carolina state fairgrounds in 1999. In North Carolina, she <span>worked as a nonprofit program manager for global education and cultural exchange, and fundraiser for visual arts and conservation of nature. </span>Genevieve R. Joseph married Philip White in 200</span><span style="font-weight:400;">6.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Genevieve Norman Joseph (1924-2011), Genevieve R. Joseph’s mother, was born in Poughkeepsie, New York to Sam Norman (1883-1972) and Rose Nader Norman (1889-1955). Rose Nader Norman ran a neighborhood grocery store and the couple managed their home as a boarding house. Genevieve Norman Joseph, also known as Gen, married Charles Michael Joseph (1918-2002) of Wendell, North Carolina on March 2, 1946. Genevieve Norman Joseph was a member of the Lebanese American Daughters, an organization closely related to the </span><span style="font-weight:400;">Lebanon-American Club of Poughkeepsie. She also </span><span style="font-weight:400;">worked as a Nursing Aide. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Charles “Charlie” Michael Joseph, Genevieve R. Joseph’s father, was born in Connecticut to parents Namy </span><span style="font-weight:400;">Yusef Becharra</span><span style="font-weight:400;"> and Julia Asmer in 1918 and was raised in Wendell, North Carolina from the age of eight months. He had nine siblings: Lucy, Eddie (Naim), Mamie (Thmam), Charlie (Khalil), George (A'Eid, Geryus), Evelyn (Jamila), Helen (Thatla), Abe (Ibrahim), Joe (Yusef), and Dolores (Julia).</span><span style="font-weight:400;"> His father, Namy Joseph, ran a store on Main Street and another one beside the family home. </span><span style="font-weight:400;">Charlie Joseph served in the US Marines during World War II and was honorably discharged in 1945 as a corporal. He was stationed in Recife, Brazil and Guam during the war. In Poughkeepsie, Charlie Joseph ran a luncheonette and was active in the Lebanon-American Club, serving as its president from 1962 to 1966. Upon their daughter Genevieve R. Joseph’s graduation from SUNY Albany in 1985, Genevieve and Charlie moved from Poughkeepsie to Wendell, North Carolina, Charlie’s hometown.</span></p>
<h4>Scope/Content Note</h4>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">The Joseph Family papers contain materials related to three generations of the Joseph family as well as families related to them. The collection focuses on the lives of Genevieve Norman Joseph, her husband Charles Joseph, and their daughter Genevieve R. Joseph. The collection also includes materials related to Genevieve R. Joseph’s grandparents and their extended family, both in Lebanon and in the United States. </span><span style="font-weight:400;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:400;">Much of the collection consists of photographs from the early twentieth century to the twenty-first century. The photographs primarily include family photographs and portraits, as well as photographs from Charles Joseph’s deployment during World War II in Brazil and Guam. Also included in the collection are materials related to Genevieve R. Joseph’s dance career, newspaper clippings, articles from the </span><span style="font-weight:400;">American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, materials related to Charles Joseph’s time in the Marines, event pamphlets and flyers, prayer cards, obituaries, academic materials, correspondence, and some physical objects.</span><span style="font-weight:400;"></span></p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Handwritten Essay "Lebanese Civil War- The Destruction of a Country" by Genevieve R. Joseph
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lebanese Americans
Description
An account of the resource
Handwritten essay by Genevieve R. Joseph titled "Lebanese Civil War- The Destruction of a Country." Paper received an A.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Genevieve R. Joseph
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Genevieve Rose Joseph
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
circa 1980s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0062_2_2_003
1980s
Education
Essays
Lebanese Civil War