1
25
110
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/aad34022361e124515aeb3b6c0b2775f.pdf
06d4ea242803f0e7be0819e776d3ca2d
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290608_NR_18
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article in Al-Hoda
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in Al-Hoda published in New York City, New York on Saturday June 8, 1929 "The Murder of the Romey Family" written by Adeeb Fatoush. In this article, the author urges readers to stand strong, seek the path of justice and to not feel weak because they are immigrants.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 June 08
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Adeeb Fatoush
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
Arabic
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
New York
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/72106d9c0d2e076d53e87adcabecb15e.pdf
564987dc7bd8c0f64922de840d2b4999
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290531_NR_15
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article in Al-Hoda
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in Al-Hoda published in New York City, New York on Friday, May 31, 1929 "The Murder of the Romey Family". In this article, the Al-Hoda newspaper urges readers to stop sending money in support of the victims to the newspaper before knowing who was at fault.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 May 31
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Al-Hoda
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
Arabic
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
New York
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/152f24860a11eb08e91cb678522bbce8.pdf
1f72b0096ce4df4a4a360846e5f243c4
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290611_NR_20
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article in Al-Hoda
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in Al-Hoda published in New York City, New York on Tuesday, June 11, 1929 "The Murder of the Romey Family". In this article, the Al-Hoda newspaper urges readers to stop sending money in support of the victims for fear that Syrian-Lebanese immigrants in the South will be targeted by the Ku Klux Klan (KKK).
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 June 11
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Al-Hoda
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
Arabic
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
New York
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/d9e7286f0dc9061bdd4a0d23f4421b56.pdf
2d49b00c6eb914064b1bfbeb1351a188
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_192906_NR_22
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article by Ash-Shaab in The Syrian World
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: This material contains racist and white supremacist language.
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article by Ash-Shaab of New York City, written on May 24, 1929 and published in The Syrian World, Volume 3 No. 12, June 1929. Using white supremacist arguments, the article questions why the community is not more adamant about seeking justice for the lynching of Nola Romey. The Syrian World was a monthly publication by The Syrian-American Press in New York, N.Y. and Salloum A. Mokarzel was editor.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1928 June 01
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ash-Shaab
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
New York
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/488a79266d947d7ecab026381c4e4b0e.pdf
b8dba9ac2805314568859c389828c13d
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290517_NR_2
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article in Birmingham News
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in the Birmingham News published in Birmingham, Alabama on Friday, May 17, 1929 "Florida Grocer Lynched by Mob: Action Follows Wounding of Police Chief in Row".
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 May 17
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Birmingham News
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Alabama
Articles
Crime
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/eba78b7630a15a0d7722977138d3139d.pdf
3ecc627ca3d7fc0703005463b49f2900
PDF Text
Text
����
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
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Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
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English
Arabic
Identifier
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KC 0046
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This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
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kc0046_19290626_reaction_6
Title
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Correspondence between The Syrian-Lebanon-American Association and Florida Governor Carlton Regarding the Romey Murders
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
A letter from Elies Moses, Roy Allem, and Peter Deeb officers of The Syrian-Lebanon-American Association to Florida Governor Carlton, regarding the murders of Nola and Hasna Romey. The Association urges the governor to order an investigation into events and hopes that "if the preponderance of testimony shows as we believe, that the policemen involved were to blame, we hope you will immediately suspend them pending the outcome of their trial." The reply from Governor Carlton's secretary states that the governor has no authority to suspend the policemen involved as they are under the Sheriff (Douglass) of the county.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 June 26
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Edward J. Dieb
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
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English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
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Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Crime
Florida
Letter-English
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/8178cfb0a523f3987c19641c5c186623.pdf
13f3341c37860284bb57e57807e2459c
PDF Text
Text
���Source: al-Hoda Newspaper, vol. 32, no. 91. Dated: Monday, June 10, 1929
Translator's notes are written between [...]
The murder of Nicola Romey and his wife Husna
al-Hoda Newspaper was among the first American newspapers that published the story of
the Romey family’s murder, Nicola Romey [Nola Romey], and his wife Husna. As we soon as
we, al-Hoda Newspaper and al-Nahda al-Lubnannia, got the limited and contradicted
information of the story, we asked Mr.Youssef Faris, a lawyer in NY, to investigate the case and
its relevant facts, through the help of Mr. Farid Saleem Rezq, a well known lawyer in
Jacksonville, Florida. The two lawyers are of our friends. We also wrote to other figures to help
in the investigation, such as Mr. Nicola al-Debis, a Jacksonville resident and al-Hoda agent, Mr.
Elias Lahhoud, resident of Valdosta, Georgia, and Mr. Rezq of Orlando, and others.
We did not seek immediate results. Mr. Rezq who was in charge of the investigation did
not also seek to present the results of the report, of which he sent a copy to Mr. Youssef Faris
and to us. It is highly translated, and published for readers to make their own judgements -- as for
us, we were interested in helping the great Jubran Khalil Jubran and supporting the Syrian
American Forum in Jacksonville, Florida that started the investigation.
We are willing to pay the expenses of Mr. Fareed Saleem Rezq from our personal money.
We have announced earlier, and we make it clear now, that we, al-Hoda and al-Nahda alLubnannia, do not take any money to defend the two victims in Lake City, Florida.
***
We hereby publish the translation of the report along with testimonies of witnesses, and
other officials. We do not provide our opinion. Readers should read the translation [report] with
patience, and to know that their feelings are respected, and witnesses, therefore, should not be
placed under any harm or danger. Below is the report translation -***
Dear Mr. Youssef Faris
1
�After receiving your letter, I was planning to go to Lake City to investigate the details of
the case of Nicola Romey and his wife Husna; however I could not, for I had urgent cases in my
office that required my presence. I also knew that Mr. Elias Mousa [Elias Moses], who lives in
Lake City, was coming to Jacksonville to explain facts about this tragic incident, but I could not
meet with him till last Saturday to discuss these facts.
Accompanied Mr. Elias Mousa, were Mr. Elias Lahhoud, Yakoub Melhim, and Kaisar
Romey [Icer Romey] (18), who is the son of the murdered victim. They all came with Mr. A.
David to my house, where we held conversation. I told them that we need to know objective
facts, despite their differences/contradictions. They assured to me that they are telling the truth nothing but the truth - and to the best of their knowledge. So, I brought a paper and started
writing in brief the main facts that they shared in their testimonies; I allow the speaker two
minutes then I write what he says, as he stated it as possible. Among presents also during
conversation were Mr. A. David, but he stayed for short time then left, and my father Saleem and
my mother Wadee’a, both heard the testimonies in details -- except for when my mother left the
room for few minutes when one witness was repeating unpleasant words that were said to him.
After I finished writing, I read to them these original copies and asked them to correct
anything that needs correction, which they did -- and as per my request they signed their names
on the last page -- these original papers are attached herewith. I took their testimonies in hurry
as you can see, but I hope they are clear, and below I write to you the story as they told it.
***
Testimony of Kaisar Nicola Romey as follows On Thursday, May 9th, a week before the murder, he was with his two sisters in their car driving
around a lake in the city. All cars were moving in one direction - to the right. While they were
driving another car suddenly appeared and turned to the left side, opposite to the driving
direction - and an accident happened. In the other car there were two men, Daymond and
Hodges, and the license plate on the car is of Alabama. When the accident took place, two
policemen came, one is called Horton. Horton said that the two men were driving in wrong
direction - and later on it appeared that the car they were driving was stolen. The two men were
2
�taken to custody and placed in prison - a gun was also found at the front of the stolen car and
money of $240.
John F. Baker - police chief, told Kaisar Romey in the police station to fix his car, and
that he will pay the expenses from the $240 found with the two men. Kaisar said that, on the
next day, when he went to take the car from maintenance, the garage owner refused to give it to
him unless he pays money or brings permission from police chief - the expenses were $17.
Kaisar went to see police chief, and the latter denied that he made a promise to pay for
maintenance expenses. Kaisar told his mother of what police chief has done; the mother phoned
the police chief to talk to him about this matter, but he told her that the two men from the
accident were released, and he denied that he made such a promise to pay for expenses. She met
him on street and talked to him about the payment, but he insisted on denying, and that he did
not promise her son at all to pay the invoice. Husna called him a liar.
***
Testimony of Elias Lahhoud as follows:
On Tuesday, May 14th, Baker, police chief, and Davis, another policeman, visited the store of
Nicola Roemy and asked about him. They were told that he was not there. Then, they asked
about the son, and they were told that he is not there either. They, then, addressed Husna Romey,
and told her to take “the damn garbage” inside the store, and he was referring to melons and
other food items displayed outside the store.
Husna complained, and said that “other people” also display their goods outside their
stores, and that she doesn’t understand why she is required to take her goods inside the store. He
answered that what “others” are doing is his business, then he started kicking and breaking the
melons. She refused to take the fruits and legumes inside the store. Baker, and the other
policeman, grabbed her in order to take her to custody/police station; they dragged her against
her will across the street to where their car was. Dr. Label the pharmacist, on the other side, saw
them pulling Husna Romey; he complained and objected their act and told them that this is not
how a woman should be treated. So, they released the woman.
(I write this between brackets, all these are common and known, as relevant to Mr. Elias
Lahhoud - I will return to this later)
3
�Mr. Elias Lahhoud continued Mr. Romey came back from Tampa, on Thursday, May 16th, around 8:30 pm. The son or wife
told him about what happened earlier between his wife and police chief on Tuesday (the writer
knew from other sources, who heard that Mr. Elias Mousa testified before that Nicola Romey
knew about what happened on Tuesday on the way between Tampa and Lake City - he met with
Elias Mousa, and the latter told him. It was also said that an African American man, who was
traveling with Mr. Nicola Romey, told Mr. Elias Mousa that Romey was very angry and he
bought a bottle of alcohol [liquor] and drank it all. However, this story was not mentioned by
Mr. Elias Mousa to the writer of these lines [report], therefore it shall not be considered true).
When Romey knew about what happened, he became furious at the police chief, and
phoned him at once. He told him, in an angry tone, that he was told of what happened, and
challenged him to come and drag him outside the way he did to his wife. The wife, Husna
Romey, tried to stop him from talking to the police chief that way, and called Mrs. Elias Mousa
and asked her to come to the store at once - and for the fear of what could happen, she changed
the place of the gun where Romey puts it to another location. When Mrs. Elias Mousa arrived,
and knew of what happened, she criticized Romey for talking with police chief in the way he did.
Mr. Elias Lahhoud said that Nicola Romey called the police chief again, and asked him
nicely this time about when should he be expecting him [when is he going to the store]. Romey
told him that he needs to send some vegetable to the judge. Few minutes later, four policemen
including police chief arrived to the store; they were holding guns and started shooting at the
front door without warning - obviously to scare whoever is there. When Romey saw them, he
stepped back and shouted “be patient, one minutes - be patient, one minute”. But, one or two of
the policemen went around the store desk and hit Romey on his head several times with the grip
of “gun”. They left Romey to fall on the floor unaware of what was going on, and policemen
continued shooting in all directions. When Mrs. Romey saw her husband on the floor with blood
on his head and body, and for all the shootings that was taking place, she became unaware of
what she was doing [the term used in the original is “she became kind of insane”]. She took the
gun and shot at the police chief and hit him in the back, when he turned around she shot another
bullet and hit him in the left shoulder or arm. He then took his gun, but he was unable to use it
4
�effectively, and shot at her and hit her in the arm, then another policeman shot at her four times
in the chest, she fell on the ground. The policemen took their chief to the hospital. Mrs. Elias
Mousa begged them to take Mrs. Romey to the hospital, but they did not pay attention/care.
However, they took Nicola Romey, who was still unconscious and bleeding, to the city prison.
***
Then Kaisar Romey testified that During the shooting, his sister went to the motion pictures shop, two blocks from the store, and
told him of what was happening, (Kaisar was there at that time). Kaisar went to the store, there
he saw his mother on the floor. He came closer and asked her, she told him who shot at her - she
pointed at policeman Davis who was standing next to her. The latter told Kaisar if he stayed
there, he will also be shot. Kaisar moved to the other side, opposite to where his mother was.
The policemen who took Romey to the prison came back and took Kaisar (he was shouting that
he did not do anything to take him); they hit him on his head and dragged him away from his
mother and put him in the car, which its rear seat was covered with blood.
In the police car there were three policemen: Hall, Davis, and Leo Cox, deputy police
chief. Leo Cox hit Kaisar with the grip of his gun on the head, and he started bleeding, and the
others started hitting him too without any reason to - Kaisar said that he did not try to escape or
resist. Leo Cox also told him, while hitting him, “you are son of a bitch, damn you, don’t feel
this”, and so did Hall who was standing on the car step, he hit him with his fist. Leo Cox told
Hall “do not hit him with your hand, use something else”, and he addressed Kaisar “you are
black, cursed by God, and you attend the same school as my kids” and continued “we wanted to
kill you long time ago, and we will do this now, but tonight we will kill your father, and you
come next”; they hit and curses him frequently. They took him to the county jail/detention, and
when they arrived Cox hit him again on the head and made him bleed. They put him in the
second prison of the county’s jail/detention; they beat him with their sticks on his kidneys, while
waiting to open his cell.
Kaisar fell on the bed. Around 10:30 pm of that day, Cox came back. Kaisar heard him
asking the guard Steve if “the boy was awake”, then told him to tell Kaisar that his father and
mother are doing well in the hospital - Kaisar felt relieved and fell asleep. On next Friday
5
�morning, around 11 or 11:30, Kaisar woke up and heard noise, he saw four policemen: Bob
Danite, Davis, Hall and Leo Cox entering his cell. Bob Danite said “we are going to kill your old
man tonight”.
Around 8:30 that same morning, two people visited Kaisar: Ernest Weinhovel and
Stevens (prison guard), the first said “they killed your father last night”. Weinhovel later came
back and released him, and told him that there are many people outside the prison. Kaisar saw a
number of policemen who took part in the assault on him the night before. Kaisar was taken to
Mr. Elias Mousa’s house, and in the afternoon he went to Valdosta, Georgia.
Mr. Elias Mousa said that when Husna Romey was in the hospital, the police chief passed
by and said “this bitch didn’t die yet?” Mrs. Romey died three hours after arriving to the
hospital.
Following the death of Husna Romey in the hospital between 12 and 1, Emmeline Romey
(13) and Sali Mousa (15) went to the city jail and asked to see Nicola Romey several times.
They finally heard him saying in a low and harsh voice “what do you want? Get out of here”;
they stayed a little more and heard him saying “Kaisar, Kaisar”, then he is suddenly silent. These
were his last words.
In the next morning they found him two miles away to the west of Lake City with
thirteen gunshots in his body.
***
Mr. Elias Lahhoud said that he arrived to Lake City, coming from Valdosta, on Thursday
midnight. He found crowds and agitation/rampage in Mr. Elias Mousa house. He saw Dr.
Evans, who was treating the panicked children, he asked him if it was wise to have Nicola
Romey released on bail in order to be treated medically. The doctor answered that Romey will
be in danger and easy target for those who want to hurt him, and that his wounds were taken care
of, “we went there and treated them”. He mentioned that there were more than twelve wounds,
and that they shaved his head and made two stitches, and left him to sleep.
6
�When they found Nicola his head was not shaved and there were no stitches.
Mr. Elias Mousa said that he saw the bodies of Nicola Romey and his wife at the burrier;
and when there, some blood leaked from Husna’s wounds, while wounds in Romey’s body were
dry as in the state of bullet in the head.
***
Investigation in Lake City
The writer of these lines [report] went to Lake City and collected any possible/accessible
information. Mr. Adeeb Fattoush kindly offered to accompany me, in addition to Mr. Edward B.
Molcahi, a lawyer I trust. We left on Tuesday morning in my uncle’s car - Adeeb Fattoush - and
we were able to talk to the following people in Lake City.
***
1- Secretary of Chamber of Commerce, he said that Romey was unwanted citizen [in the original
written “of the unwanted naturalized people”], and he is someone who talks a lot and insults
women. When we insisted to know if there was any evidence that proves what he was saying, he
said that Romey was charged of insulting some ladies in Lake City, but after investigation these
charges were proved to be not true.
2- Mr. W. F. Wilson, a lawyer in Lake City, said that he was Romey’s lawyer for the past two
years, and he knew him very well and used to meet with him frequently during that time; he
found him polite and a decent person. Wilson used to do his purchases from Mr. Romey’s store,
and the wife of Mr. Wilson agrees with her husband’s opinion. Mr. Wilson also mentioned that
Romey was a serious man and a hard worker, and very connected to his family. However, Mr.
Wilson could not inform us on anything related to the shooting incident or the killing that took
place afterwards; “Mr. Wilson said the above to Mr. Molcahi who provided me with the earlier
report”.
3- Mr. J. K. Schofield, manager of First National Bank in Lake City - Mr. Schofield welcomed
us, while reading the letter of introduction by the governor of Jacksonville, in which he was
requesting people in Lake City to help me in this case. Mr. Schofield said that Mr. Romey used
7
�to deal with his bank, he deposited small amount of money to pay checks, and sometimes he took
loan from the bank. He used to visit the bank three times a week, and sometimes everyday; he
always paid his dues on time, and they never had problems or issues with him. To the best of
Schofield knowledge, Romey’s reputation in the city was always good, as a peaceful citizen who
abides by rules and laws. Mr. Schofield also mentioned that he was not aware of any troubles or
problems faced Romey, and he does not know about the shooting or the killing incident except
for what he read in newspapers. However, he believes that those who can explain the truth about
the killing of the man were two African American prisoners with him at the same time. He was
even astonished to know that they were drunk - and according to their testimonies during
investigation - they did not hear or see anything. I asked Mr. Schofield to sign a brief statement
of his testimonies, but he politely refused to do that. However, he said that should he be asked
whether what I am restating on behalf of him is true, he would confirm it; or if he was called to
testify in court, he would repeat what he said. (My uncle and I talked to Mr. Schofield, and I read
to him the statement herein and he approved it).
4- Mrs. Elias Mousa who saw the shooting incident in person. She was asked by my uncle Adeeb Fattoush - to state in brief the details of the incident that she witnessed - Mrs. Mousa was
still in panic/shock at that moment. What she said agrees with the story of Mr. Elias Lahhoud
and Elias Mousa above. She also said that the policemen came and started shooting without any
reason. She also added that when Mrs. Romey saw how they entered the store and started
shooting randomly as a threat, she ran to them and told them “God, please stop. Romey will go
with you”; and when she was shot and fell on the ground, they shot at her after she fell (we all
heard her story).
5- Mr. H. W. Farnell who lead the interrogation before judge W. J. Edwards, municipality's
deputy doctor. Mr. Molcahi talked to this witness privately; he mentioned that Farnell talked in
an aggressive manner and said that the investigation record is an official record and it has all the
facts. When asked whether “there were any other witnesses” interrogated in this investigation without mentioning names - other than the policemen (this is in the investigation about Mrs.
Romey), he answered no one saw the incident but them, and the policemen testimonies were all
that needed.
8
�6- Mr. H. A. Wilson, the burrier, mentioned facts of finding the body of Nicola Romey around 7
am (on Friday) in a sitting position on the side of the road of White Castle. He said there were
13 gunshot wounds in his body and two wounds in his head, and his head was not shaved. He
described the wounds that some were bloody/bleeding but others were not (it is likely that Mrs.
Mousa was not right about the condition of wounds) and that the cause of death was gunshot
wounds. Mr. Wilson said that he considered Nicola Romey and his wife very good citizens - I
am sending his report herewith; he also promised to send a descriptive report of the body’s
condition after he examines all relevant records.
7- Mr. A. F. Mitson, editor and manager of Columbia Gazette - a weekly newspaper issued in
Lake City - said that he heard rumors that Romey insulted women and that he was an aggressive
and angry person - but he did not find him of that kind, and he personally suspects what he heard
was true. About the shooting and killing incident, what was published in his newspaper is all
that he knew, and he gave us a copy thereof, also attached herewith.
8- Dr. Bites - he was in a meeting at the Rotary Club when we asked to talk to him, and he kindly
agreed - our meeting lasted a few minutes. He said that he saw Romey in prison at 10 pm on
Thursday, and that he was in good mental health, and had four wounds in his head and he treated
them. He was conscious but probably with some head bruises - Dr. Bites suggested that the
wounds in Romey’s head were probably caused by policemen. Dr. Bites also treated Mrs.
Romey, and he said she died because of gunshot wounds, and that she did not make any
statement. Before leaving us, he promised that he is ready to provide any further information.
9- Mr. Elias Mousa, we met with him again, and he told us that he could find other witnesses and
inform us about it.
We could not meet with judge Edwards because he was out of town.
***
Clarifications
9
�The story told by Mr. Elias Lahhoud, Mrs. Mousa and her husband Mr. Elias Mousa, and
Kaisar Romey is all that we could have at the moment, and you probably received more details
earlier from Mr. Elias Lahhoud himself. But the most important part is what Kaisar Romey said
about what the policemen, whom he named, told him when they took him to prison; I do not
believe I saw this part in any Syrian newspaper before. It is clear why it is important, it explains
an important and great part which, according to current rumors, is (unknown). That is to say, if
what Kaisar said was true, it would be surprising that policemen could tell about coming/future
events in such details. When we consider the killing incident and how it was committed, and
that two other prisoners in a near cell to Romey’s did not know what was going on - although
they said they were “drunk and asleep”, and that no person saw those who committed the killing,
this case is to be considered very strange/stunning.
As for the incident that took place between the police chief and Mrs. Romey, it is well
known that it was only word of mouth [it is likely the writer meant that there is no proof of what
happened except the words of Mrs. Romey]. Mrs. Romey probably mentioned the story to Mrs.
Mousa or Mr. Mousa afterwards. The testimony in terms of what happened in Romey’s store,
before the arrival of Mrs. Mousa, was also word of mouth - and based on this aspect, this does
not agree with present facts. This has nothing to do with the witnesses themselves, or their
truthfulness, but it is more related to current facts in this case. I made this statement as my duty
requires, and would like to state what I think right and just. I have no doubt in the testimony of
Mr. Elias Lahhoud [that he was telling the truth], and that Mr. and Mrs. Mousa and Kaisar
Romey - as far as I believe - were not providing untrue facts, rather they were all trying sincerely
to explain what they believe to be a present fact.
Facts as they seem to me show that there was a motivation for what happened on
Thursday night - Mr. Romey did a very foolish and not wise act, when he called police chief and
threatened him the way he did, and to call them to his store and challenge them to (practice their
authority upon him). This was not an excusable and justified act for a man to do. The whole
case goes back, as far as I can see, to when Mrs. Romey called the police chief a liar - this lead to
the “terrible incident” and the tragic and horrific end.
10
�Facts also refer to the brutality of policemen and their intentional violence. There was a
difference in telling the story between what policemen claim, that Mrs. Romey came from
behind the store and shot at them before any of them started shooting, and the story of Mrs.
Mousa who said that policemen came with guns in their hands and started shooting without any
reason - they were really shooting randomly at no target. Thus giving Mrs. Romey an excuse to
take the gun and start shooting when she found her husband on the floor not moving and covered
with blood. With all this shooting going on how could she have expected that all their bullets
were shot in the air.
Furthermore, in their story, the policemen did not mention that they hit Mr. Romey
before taking him from the store; their story was that they took him from the store without hitting
and threatening him. Thus, they framed what Mrs. Romey did to the chief of police as an
intentional crime. I personally believe that the story told by Mrs. Mousa as it appears is correct,
and supported by the testimony of Kaisar Romey. As for how Mr. Romey was taken out of
prison and killed, this is not clear in the official record - in this record it was described as a crime
committed by culprit unknown [unidentified], while it was committed by a few people as it
appears. They committed their act quietly and in an organized way so that no one saw them.
However there is still the story of Kaisar Romey on how the policemen treated him on the way to
prison.
***
The Conclusion
It seems to the writer that there is nothing that can be done at the current moment, that is
to have a lawsuit at court, unless there are new facts. It would be useless and dangerous, and
ineffective, to show dislike and anger without supporting evidence or facts - clear facts that are
not only acceptable in court but also lead to final and ascertainable results. To press dangerous
charges of this kind, although through indication, against any person or group without relying on
true and affirmative facts, would not only lead to failure [losing the case], but will also cause
sentiments of hate and rejection towards Syrians in general. The facts about the killing are still
unclear, and the supported facts about the shooting that took place in the store are not complete,
although considered less important.
11
�In my opinion there are two possible ways to work on this case, for each there are
challenges.
One, submitting a petition to the state governor to issue an order for an official investigation - it
is clear that policemen involved in this case cannot be pressed to tell the truth unless there is an
official investigation order. However, this, as it seems to me, is not suitable, because we do not
have reliable facts to submit; on the contrary such investigation would affect our position [in the
case], we may find ourselves in a worse situation than we have.
Two, to seek a secret investigation in an organized way in order to explore facts in Lake City.
When we have enough facts, we can submit a petition to order an official investigation - this way
as it is known takes longer.
In order to explore facts, it is important to use a secret agency (undercover police) with excellent
capabilities in such tasks. The agency assigns one of its agents in Lake City and gives him
enough time to do the investigation, which could take several months before he is able to know
and explore anything. The challenge here is in the fact that if this secret agency was discovered
before facts are known, it will create unpleasant sentiments and could lead to some danger, as I
believe.
Whichever the way, both require a large amount of money. In my opinion, this money should
not be the responsibility of Syrians, unless it is in the form of aid, because then we will have
better results - I here refer to legal proceeding in court only. Probably it is better to stop
everything at the present time, at least publishing about the case in newspapers, and wait for
developments [results] - there are pros and cons in that as well.
Syrians in this city as Syrians in different parts of this country are interested in this case,
and they are awaiting the final decision of the New York committee.
Now I would like to submit to you the request of witnesses Mr. and Mrs. Mousa, Mr.
Lahhoud, and Mr. Romey to not disclose their names, for there is risk of publishing their names
in English newspapers as they live (especially the first two of them) in the district that rejects
12
�them. There is also the risk of committing assault against them if their intentions, as described
here, are known - if you have a previous experience in this regard, you will agree with me that
this request won't be considered an act of cowardice or fear, but a wise act to do, and I am certain
their request will be fulfilled.
I do not believe there is anything more that I can do than this. One of the main tasks and in my opinion the most important of all - is to find the two African American prisoners
whom their names I sent to you herewith, but they could be fraud, and ask them to tell the truth
about what happened that night - this should be done in Lake City by a person who is a resident
there.
I hope you find this report fulfilling, and if new issues appeared I will provide them to you.
Jacksonville
Fareed Rezq - Lawyer
13
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290610_NR_19
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article by Farid Rizk in Al-Hoda
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
The published investigative report by Farid Rizk, "The Murder of Nicolas Romey and Wife Hasna" about the lynching of Nola and murder of Hasna Romey. The investigation was comissioned by Al-Hoda newspaper and published there on Monday June 10, 1929. Rizk traveled from his home in Jacksonville, Florida to Lake City in order to interview witnesses about the events of May 16 and 17, 1929. This report was translated for the Khayrallah Center by Lala Al-Saeedi.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 June 10
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Farid Rizk
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
Arabic
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
Florida
Newspapers
Reports
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/afe39fc3187e42227887183e06e47491.pdf
911ac149190db1380715090d4bac6789
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290529_NR_14
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article by George Lahood in Al-Hoda
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in Al-Hoda published in New York City, New York on Wednesday, May 29, 1929. The article was written by Jirjis "George" Lahood and claims that police were involved in the lynching of Nola Romey. It also claims that it is possible Nola died in jail and the lynching was staged to cover up the fatality of the wounds inflicted by police during his arrest.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 May 29
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
George Lahood
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
Arabic
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
New York
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/f0557fe278a6baf878217f612909ab50.pdf
cd046c5a7f78c106337facfa2aee55e3
PDF Text
Text
����
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290517_carlton_7
Title
A name given to the resource
Telegram from George Lahood to Florida Governor Carlton
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
A Telegram from George Lahood to Florida Governor Carlton dated May 17, 1929, requesting Icer Romey (son of Nola and Hasna Romey) be removed from the Columbia County Jail for his safety.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 May 17
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
George Lahood
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Crime
Florida
Telegrams
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/5489118e267fb405194a30b2e63b7d00.pdf
50dc83d029fe0caf56e640e4b3187f8e
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290625_reaction_5
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter from The Moral Progress Society to Florida Governor Carlton Regarding the Romey Murders
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
A letter from Joe. M. Joseph, president of The Moral Progress Society of Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Florida Governor Carlton dated June 25, 1929. Arabic script on the letterhead indicates that the society was a Syrian Society. The writer urges the governor to order an investigation into events and hopes that "if the preponderance of testimony shows as we believe, that the policement involved were to blame, we hope you will immediately suspend them pending the outcome of their trial."
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 June 25
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Joe M. Joseph
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Crime
Florida
Letter-English
Minnesota
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/925b19554059b2a2229d50a5a29020ef.pdf
1b5ccc34df4084bcc949673797df285b
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290517_NR_3
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article in New York Evening World
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in the New York Evening World published in New York City on Friday May 17, 1929 "Mob in Florida Lynches White Man: Wife Slain: Shooting of Police Chief by Woman Cause of Outbreak".
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 May 17
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
New York Evening World
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
New York
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/4b2a293127657ca3da62b7e6c8b74382.pdf
7da12de44872ef01f9f467028b531112
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290524_NR_11
Title
A name given to the resource
Article by Nicola Al-Dibis about the Lynching of Nola Romey in Al-Hoda
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in Al-Hoda published in New York City, New York on Friday, May 24, 1929. The article was written by Nicola Al-Dibis, a reporter for Al-Hoda, and relays facts about the lynching of Nola Romey and killing of Hasna Romey as reported in The Florida Times-Union American newspaper in Jacksonville, Florida.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 May 24
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Nicola Al-Dibis
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
Arabic
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
New York
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/6d1e82013643b29dbb6bb7fbd291eab1.pdf
cfb45aada6e6b46c1d7bff495a6b7dfa
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290617_NR_21
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article by Nicolas Al-Dibis in Al-Hoda
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in Al-Hoda published in New York City, New York on Monday, June 17, 1929 "The Murder of Nicolas Romey". This article briefly recounts the details of the lynching of Nola and murder of Hasna Romey in Lake City, Florida.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 June 17
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Nicola Al-Dibis
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
Arabic
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
New York
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/68fc9b3a3039781f33d228df7473070f.pdf
3b5447063a76195088de28575ef9e55c
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290602_fllynchings_6
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article in the Pensacola News Journal
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in the Pensacola News Journal, published in Pensacola, Florida on June 2, 1929 "Lynching Party Brings Arrests: White Men Held After Body of Negro Is Found". Jim Mobley, a seventy-two year old African American man was "found in company with a white woman". Subsequently, a group of white men from near Jennings, Florida "manhandled" him, cut off his hands, and dumped his body in the Suwannee River.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 June 02
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Pensacola News Journal
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
Florida
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/cc8c0607c789d0a26bfa34eccd80603c.pdf
8ba77afe75d513d24e5d834cfc59d4ea
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290220_fllynchings_10
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article in the Tallahassee Democrat
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in the Tallahassee Democrat, published in Tallahassee, Florida on February 20, 1929 "Negro Young Man Lynched Today: Body Found Buried Near Purported Crime". Eighteen-year-old African American man, Buster Adams was taken from the Hillsborough County, Florida jail in Tampa, to protect him from threatened mob violence after he was charged with attacking a thirteen-year-old white girl. Two men impersonating sheriff dupties with a suposed letter from the county sherrif took him from custody, murdered him, and buried his body buried him beneath a tree near Brooksville, Hernando County, Florida.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 February 20
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Tallahassee Democrat
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
Florida
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/b8d472d9881c26db4c08be0893704f8f.pdf
361842f85b4fd7e8595984d3cde25673
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290520_NR_9
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article in The Atlanta Constitution
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in The Atlanta Constitution, published in Atlanta, Georgia on Monday, May 20, 1929 "Romey Funeral Rites Are Held At Valdosta: Lynch Victim and Wife Shot by Police Are Buried With Double Service".
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 May 20
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Atlanta Constitution
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
Funerals
Georgia
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/e95ef39ebd59b57cd838281915ce6f82.pdf
bd192b7709d10afd2778024be2afad5d
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19050314_news_1
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article in The Atlanta Constitution
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in The Atlanta Constitution, published in Atlanta, Georgia on March 14, 1905 "Path of Blood Leads to Body: Syrian Peddler Was Done to Death in a Swamp".
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905 March 14
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Atlanta Constitution
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1900s
Articles
Crime
Georgia
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/cb73e2b18cd7ed75cca2de7e2aa5697f.pdf
1415b75e554e991f0cc9e254af88206b
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19191128_news_10
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article in The Atlanta Constitution
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in The Atlanta Constitution, published in Atlanta, Georgia on November 28, 1919 "Extensive Robbery Scheme Discovered: Four Men Arrested for Complicity in Series of Car Robberies in Valdosta".
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1919 November 28
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Atlanta Constitution
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1910s
Articles
Crime
Georgia
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/0aa60634bcca05ab5d18230ce315b06b.pdf
2d9a938fd3c1d4ac5c7cd86e8366a5b8
PDF Text
Text
��Columbia Gazette Lake City Florida, Tuesday May 21, 1929
Inquest Proceedings In the Romeo Case
Transcript Of Testimony
In the Court of the Justice of the Peace, Tenth District, Columbia County.
Before his Honor, Judge W.J. Edwards, acting coroner.
Re: Inquest hearing as to the cause of the Death of Mrs. E.R. Romeo, which occurred in Lake City,
Florida, Columbia county, on the 16th day of May, 1929, about 8:30 or 9:00 o’clock p.m.
Jury being regularly and duly empaneled and sworn to inquire into the death of the said Mrs. E.R.
Romeo composing of the following persons to-wit: W.J. Lord, E.R. Douglas, L.L. Garbutt, G.W. Hoffs,
M.M. Pearce, and H.H. Stebbins, foreman who viewed the body of the above named Mrs. E.R. Romeo
and who heard the witness testify as to the cause of the death of the said Mrs. E.R. Romeo, which said
witnesses testified as follows:
A. Dennard (Deputy Sheriff)
By R.W. Farnell, prosecuting attorney: State what you know about it, Mr. Dennard.
Answer: Well, about 9 o’clock last night I was sitting in front of the police station and Chief Baker and
Leo Cox drove up and told Mr. Hall to go with him and we went with him. Romeo’s truck was parked out
in front of his store and he was walking up and down there, cursing. I couldn’t understand what he was
saying, but said something about he was going to kill Baker. We all got out (of the car) and when they
saw us coming across there, Romeo and his wife went back in the store. Romeo went to the right
around the counter and his wife went back to the middle of the store. Baker asked him what was the
matter and asked him why he was raising sand down there. Romeo asked if he wanted him and he (Chief
Baker) said “Yes.” Romeo then walked out from the counter and John (Baker) and I started to walk out
and then the first pistol was fired. That’s about all I know.
Q: Where was Romeo’s wife?
A: She came from the back.
Q: Back of the store?
A: Yes, sir.
Q: How came you to go to the place?
A: Baker asked me to go.
Q: To Romeo’s place?
A: He didn’t say where; just asked me to go.
Q: Do you know if he had had any trouble with her before?
A: Just know what I heard.
�Q: Did you say the woman shot Baker?
A: Yes, sir.
Q: Whereabouts was she?
A: She came out of the back end or the middle of the store. Leo Cox and Mr. Hall had gone to the front
taking Romeo to the car when the shooting occurred.
Q: They had arrested Romeo?
A: Yes, sir. He had called up over the telephone and told Mr. Hall to tell Mr. Baker that he had fruit on
the sidewalk and to come down there and arrest him if he could.
Q: Was there a complaint?
A: Chief had ordered them to remove their fruits and vegetables from the sidewalk.
Q: Did Romeo resist arrest?
A: He looked like he was trying to get something out from under the counter. The first shot was fired
when they took him out. Baker was going out the door when she shot.
Q: How many shots were fired by the woman?
A: I don’t know
Q: More than one?
A: Yes, sir, she shot until she fell.
Q: How many times did Baker shoot?
A: He shot several times.
Q: Are you an officer?
A: Yes, a deputy sheriff.
Q: You were assisting him in his effort to do his duty?
Leo Cox (Deputy Sheriff)
Mr. Farnell-Are you an officer in this county?
A: Yes, a deputy sheriff.
Q: Were you called upon to assist the chief of police, John F. Baker, this town, to make an arrest last
night?
A: Yes, sir.
Q: Where did you go with Chief Baker.
�A: My wife and I were together and rode up to the Postoffice Service station. It was around 8:00 o’clock
and Mr. Erwin Peuschell who owns the filling station, called me and said: “Where’s Chief?” I drove to the
city office and asked Mr. Hall about the chief, who said he was at the ball park.
Q. Where did you find Mr. Baker?
A. At the ball park. He went to the city office and told Mr. Hall to “let’s go and get him.”
Q. Did you go to Romeo’s place of business with the chief?
A. Yes, sir. When we drove up to his place he was out on the sidewalk cursing and saying he was going to
kill somebody.
Q. Cursing and making threats?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. What did Romeo and his wife do when you all drove up?
A. She went in the back and he went back of the counter. We went around back of the counter to get
him. He acted like he was trying to get something and we took him out of there. I heard the shot and
looked around. I couldn’t see the chief for the smoke. He was coming out of the building when she shot
him.
Q. Were any words passed between the woman and Chief Baker that night?
(Continued on page four.)
A. No, sir. She shot Chief Baker first before he shot her. I didn’t see him shoot her.
Q. Where were you?
A. I had stopped outside of the door, out in the street. He (the chief) was back of Mr. Hall and myself.
When the gun fired I looked around but I couldn’t see them for the smoke.
Q. Do you know how many shots were fired?
A. No, sir. Chief Baker was shot in the right arm.
Q. You say several shots were fired from the pistol that the woman held?
A. Yes, sir. She shot as fast as she could until she fell.
Q. They sell fruits and vegetables in the front and have their living quarters in the back of the store?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. This woman and her family lived in the back of the building?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Who was there that night?
A. Nobody there but Romeo and his wife and his wife’s sister. All the children were gone.
�Floyd Pearce
Mr Farnell- Mr. Pearce, where were you last night about 8 or 9 o’clock?
A. Down at my place.
Q. Where is your place?
A. Down on North Marion street.
Q. How near is that to the place of business of the Romeo family?
A. Forty or fifty feet.
Q. Almost directly in front?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Did you see the shooting affray that happened here last night?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Tell just what you know about it.
A. Well, I saw Romeo drive up there about 20 minutes before the shooting. He got out of the car, and he
asked where Chief Baker was and he was cursing.
Q. Making threats against anybody?
A. Yes, sir, Chief Baker. In about twenty minutes I saw Chief Baker, Mr. Dennard, Mr. Cox and Mr. Hall
drive up there, I suppose, to arrest him and from what I understand, the best I can tell , they started out
with him, and I heard a gun fire and about the length of time somebody could speak I heard another gun
fire.
Q. Did you go over there?
A. No. They put Romeo in the car. I went to the hospital with Chief and helped him get out.
Q. Did you look at Chief’s wounds?
A. Yes, he was shot in the muscle of his right arm.
Q. Had you heard any threats?
A. No, sir. I hadn’t until I drove up there.
Q. Do you know if they had any words before that?
A. I heard they had. I just heard that Chief went down and asked Mrs. Romeo to move her fruits and
vegetables inside the screen door and she flew off the handle and cursed him. I heard the chief started
to arrest her and take her to jail. I suppose it was because of the children.
Q. What time did the shooting take place?
A. I think it was about 8:30 o’clock.
�Q. Did you see the woman’s pistol and the woman at the time of the shooting?
A. No, sir. His truck was between my place and his. I saw him when he came out from behind the
counter. I couldn’t see any more. Before the shooting occurred, when he was cursing, Romeo went to
the drawer and drew a pistol out of it. It was about twenty minutes after Romeo came in with the truck
until the shooting occurred. He said if Chief made him move that fruit from the front that he would kill
the _______ [left blank in newspaper]. That was just a little while before the shooting took place---not
over fifteen minutes.
Arthur Hall
Mr. Farnell- Mr. Hall, this is an inquiry into the death of Mrs. E.R. Romeo killed last night here in town.
Were you present?
A. I was on the outside.
Q. How near were you to the shooting?
A. About ten or twenty feet.
Q. Did you go with Chief Baker?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Was Romeo angry?
A. He was out on the sidewalk cursing and raving when we got there. They live in the back of the store. It
is contrary to the city ordinances to have fruit and vegetables out on the sidewalk.
Q. Had any complaint been made to Chief Baker about this?
A. Chief went there the night before and told them about it.
Q. Had some trouble?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Had there been words or threats by the woman?
A. She threatened to kill Baker.
Q. Did you see any weapon or pistol, Mr. Hall?
A. I didn’t see any when we went in and didn’t see any until the shooting occurred.
Q. Did you hear her say anything?
A. I didn’t hear her say a thing.
Q. Did you see the woman?
A. I couldn’t see Baker or the woman
Q. Did you see Baker?
�A. I saw him immediately after the shooting.
Q. Did he seem to be wounded?
A. Mr. Dennard got out of the door and was holding him by the arm.
Q. Have you examined Mr. Baker’s wounds?
A. I haven’t seen Mr. Baker since last night.
Q. You were requested by Mr. Baker to go down there to assist him to arrest Romeo, the husband of this
woman?
A. Yes, sir.
Mr. Cox (Recalled)
By the Jury- Mr. Cox, were you down there this morning looking over the scene of the shooting?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. One of the bullets went into the store across the street?
A. Yes, sir, the bullet went between me and Mr. Hall. It hit a post and glanced and went into the glass
window across the street.
No other witnesses being called the taking of testimony was concluded.
(Reported and transcribed by Mrs. Louise Akridge, clerk and stenographer in Judge Edwards’ office in
the absence of Miss Gussie Miller, official court reporter.)
Woman Shoots Chief of Police And is Killed
E.R. Romeo, Husband of Woman Taken From City Jail By Mob and Killed
E.R. Romeo, North Marion street dealer in fish, fruit and vegetables found dead early Friday
morning south of the city, with many bullet wounds inflicted by what was apparently a small but wellorganized mob, who took him from the city jail about 4:30 a.m. that morning.
Mrs. E.R. Romeo, his wife, dying about 12 o’clock Thursday night in the Lake Shore Hospital as a
result of three pistol shots fired into her body by Chief of police after she had fired upon him several
times at the Romeo store.
Chief of Police John F. Baker in Lake Shore hospital suffering from a broken shoulder and a
wound in the upper arm, inflicted by the same bullet fired by Mrs. Romeo painfully though not seriously
hurt.
�Esau Romeo, 17, son of the Romeo couple, not there during the shooting, coming from a movie
show to the store and finding his mother shot, was placed in custody jail when he was heard to utter
threats against Chief Baker. Released however, Friday morning on his promise to keep quiet.
Telegram from Governor Carlton Friday evening demanding investigation and particulars of the
affair, and especially as to safety of Esau Romeo, quoting telegram from Syrian colony at Valdosta.
Associated Press and Jacksonville reporters on the ground here for the purpose of securing
details, especially as to the lynching.
Two separate coroners juries find (1) that Chief John F. Baker acted in self-defense and (2) that
parties unknown to the jury killed E.R. Romeo.
***
This sums up the main facts: surrounding one of the most terrible tragedies that Lake City has
experienced in many years, arising from a refusal by Mrs. Romeo to obey the city ordinance forbidding
the display of goods, wares and merchandise on sidewalks.
According to testimony at the coroner’s inquest held by Justice W.J. Edwards the trouble started
Wednesday night when Chief of Police Baker went to the Romeo store and told Mrs. Romeo that she
would have to move the display of fruits and vegetables off the sidewalk into the store behind the
screen doors. Mrs. Romeo, according to witnesses, began cursing and abusing the Chief, and told him he
would be killed by Saturday night. Chief Baker did not arrest her at the time but warned her to take in
the goods or she would be arrested.
Husband Arrives
The husband of the woman, E.R. Romeo, was not in town at the time, as he hauls truck and fruit
from South Florida, and did not drive in with his truck until Thursday night about 8 o’clock Witnesses say
that as soon as his wife told him of the matter (it was not known what she told him) he began walking
up and down in front of his store, cursing, talking loudly and two witnesses say they heard Romeo
threaten the life of Chief Baker.
The next step toward the tragedy was taken by Romeo, according to testimony of Police
Sergeant Arthur Hall, who says that about 8 o’clock Romeo called up the police station and asked for
Chief Baker. On being told that Baker was not there, Romeo told Sergeant Hall to tell the Chief that “I
am in town now’ I have my fruit on the sidewalk and to come down and get me if he can,” or words to
that effect. Chief Baker, who was then on duty at the boxing exhibition at the baseball park a mile south
of the city, was at once notified of this defiance, and within a few minutes he had gathered three other
officers, and they drove up on the opposite side of the street from the Romeo store, about 8:30 p.m.
As they came across the street the four officers, Chief Baker, Sergeant Hall, and Deputy Sheriffs
A. Dennard and Leo Cox, saw Romeo and his wife go into the store. Entering the store with drawn pistols
the officers noted that Mrs. Romeo has gone behind a curtain in the rear of the store while Romeo had
gone behind the counter, and seemed to be trying to reach for a weapon. They had him covered,
however, and Deputy Sheriff Cox and Sergeant Hall went behind the counter, grabbed him and got him
out, and walked out of the store with him, with Deputy Sheriff Dennard coming just behind them, and
with Chief Baker bringing up the rear.
�Unexpected Shooting
Chief Baker said later that he had no idea that the woman would shoot him and had his back
turned and had almost come to the door when he heard a shot that crippled his right arm. Shifting his
pistol to his left hand he began shooting at the woman, who continued shooting till she fell.
An ambulance conveyed the woman to the Lake Shore Hospital where she died about midnight.
She had three wounds, one bullet piercing his right upper arm and going into the side of her upper body;
the second bullet entering her body below her right breast. A third bullet went through her left upper
arm.
The first shot fired at Chief Baker entered his upper right arm and ranged upward and went
through his shoulder, breaking the shoulder, and lodged near his collar bone, but did not break it. A
second bullet struck a spectacle case in his breast pocket just above his heart but landed off and passed
through the right sleeve of his coat, the Chief having a move remarkable escape from sudden death.
Taken from Jail
Immediately following the shooting E.R. Romeo was taken to the city jail on the charge of
violating the city ordinance regarding display of fruits on the sidewalk, and was locked into a cell. On the
way he gave some trouble to the officers. There was no sign of further trouble say the officers, after
they had locked the elder Romeo in the city jail and young Romeo who appeared at the store soon after
the shooting, in the county jail.
About 4 a.m. Friday morning, Officers Horton and Davis, who are on that beat still saw the lights
burning at the city jail. Going to the city jail about 5 a.m. for the regular duty of turning off the lights,
they found the lights already out. More than this, the found that the front door of the jail had been
pried open and that the lock of the cell door was nowhere to be found, and that the elder Romeo was
gone.
Sheriff Douglass was at once notified by the police and he sent out officers in the hope of
intercepting the captors. Two officers went out the Fort White road, it is stated, but instead of taking
the road to the right beyond the home of F.F. Bardin turned to the left, otherwise might have caught up
with the mob.
About 6:30 a.m. the sheriff’s office was notified that the body had been found about three miles
out on the Fort White road in a ditch down the hill just beyond the little settlement on this road, hit
body pierced by twelve or more bullets. It is generally believed that the mob was not large, as it was
able to move quietly and quickly.
Inquest Held
At the inquest held by Justice W.J. Edwards Friday afternoon there were only a few witnesses
and they did not know much. Spencer Colson, farm youth, said he found the body in the ditch about 6
a.m. when on his way to town to make milk delivery. He saw no one except a neighbor who had hear
shots around there early that morning. Other neighbors had also heard shots out there.
Joe Foster and John Foster, Lake City colored youths, placed in the city jail about 11:30 p.m. for
being drunk, both stoutly averred that they did not hear or see anyone come in the jail and get Romeo,
�although he was there when they were brought in. They claimed to have been so drunk and sleeping so
soundly that they could not have heard anything and did not know anything had happened until they
were told about it.
There being no other testimony, the coroner’s jury composed of P.H. Redd, T.J. Clements, J.F.
Gardner, H.C. Whitney, Fred Brown and J.A. Isom, found that “Romeo came to his death at the hands of
parties unknown to the jury.”
Inquest in Other Case
As will be seen in the transcript of the testimony (published in another column) at the inquest held
Friday morning in the death of Mrs. Romeo, the evidence was much more complete, the coroner’s jury
being W.J. Lord, H.H. Stebbins, Elmer R. Douglas, L.L. Garbutt, G.W. Hobbs, and W.M. Pearce.
Their verdict was that “Mrs. E.R. Romeo came to her death by a gunshot wound at the hands of
Chief of Police John F. Baker who shot said Mrs. Romeo in self-defense and recommend that John F.
Baker be discharged.”
Buried at Valdosta
The bodies of Romeo and his wife were prepared for burial at the Wilson funeral home and
were interred in a Valdosta cemetery Sunday. Their three younger children are being cared for by
relatives.
Romeo, aged 42, was a large man of powerful build, while his wife was aged 39, and weighed
something like 275 pounds. They were natives of Syria, but had lived in this country most of their lives.
They came here from High Springs and before that they had lived in Valdosta, and are survived by three
children.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290521_NR_10
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Articles in the Columbia Gazette
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
Two articles in the Columbia Gazette, published in Lake City Florida on Tuesday, May 21, 1929 "Inquest proceedings In the Romeo Case: Transcript Of Testimony: In the Court of the Justice of the Peace, Tenth District, Columbia County" and "Woman Shoots Chief of Police And is Killed: E.R. Romeo, Husband of Woman Taken From City Jail By Mob and Killed". The first article presents a partial transcript of the inquest held by city officials into the death of Hasna Romey and lynching of Nola Romey. The inquest focused on interviews within the police department and concluded that Chief Baker had shot Hasna Romey in self defense and Nola Romey was lynched by "parties unknown to the jury". The second article relates the main events in the murder of Hasna Romey and lynching of Nola Romey and reports the finding of a coroner's jury that Hasna was killed by Chief Baker in self-defense and Nola was lynched by "parties unknown to the jury". A transcript of both articles by Khayrallah Center staff are also included. The original article belonged to Emeline Romey Stewart, daughter of Nola and Hasna, who made notations.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 May 21
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Columbia Gazette
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
Florida
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/6792f4eafe576d90c6b68f2c60fbf63d.pdf
a0861ac6b417c9e7060d04af2d188e70
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Moses and Romey Family Papers
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>This collection represents three families who lived in Valdosta, Georgia, and Lake City, Florida. Ellis Moses came from Zahle in the Biqa’a Valley of modern Lebanon. His wife, Fannie Johns may have originated in the village of Wadi El Aarayech (وادي العرايش) as she later wrote to relatives in that town. Together, Ellis and Fannie had eight children. Bessie (7/1906-1928) born in Syria; Amelia (6/12/1912-1992 m. Castrinos); Sallie (8/1914-2012 m. Barnes); Noidrie (1/1916-1993); and Philip (1919-2009) all born in Valdosta, Georgia; Norman (1921-2005); Leo (1923-1992); and Helen (1926-2004 m. Bishop) all born in Lake City, Florida.</p>
<p>Ellis Moses arrived at Ellis Island on September 5, 1907, while Fannie and Bessie followed later on. By 1908, Ellis was settled in Valdosta, Georgia in a community of his countrymen and relatives who mainly hailed from the villages of Wadi El Aarayech (وادي العرايش) and Dahr El Ahmar (ضهر الأحمر) in the Biqa’a Valley. There, Ellis had a grocery store at 406 South Patterson Street. Around 1917, the Moses family moved to Lake City, Florida, where they operated a fruit and vegetable store on the town’s main thoroughfare, 218 North Marion Street, and a filling station on the outskirts of town. The Moses family attended the local Catholic mission church, St. Joseph’s, and were heavily involved in establishing the permanent parish of the Epiphany in 1944.</p>
<p>Both Ellis’s brother Joseph's family and his cousin Nola Romey's family moved to Lake City as well. Joseph (Joe) (1894-1928) and Adel Moses (1895-1927) had three children: Ethel (1919), Edward Joseph (1920-1999), and David. Nola George Romey (d.1929) married Fannie (Hasna) Joseph Habib Rahme and they had four children: Icer (1909-1995), Emeline (1916-2012 m. Stewart), Leila (1921-2005 m. Giardina), and Lucille (1924-1995).</p>
<p>In May, 1929, tragedy struck the Moses and Romey families when Fannie (Hasna) Romey was killed in a shootout with local police. Nola Romey was beaten, arrested, abducted from the jail by a mob (sources indicate by the KKK) and lynched along the side of the Fort White Road south of Lake City. Ellis and Fannie adopted the Romey’s four orphaned children and moved to Birmingham, Alabama shortly after. Ellis and Fannie had also adopted the children of Joseph and Adel. Adel was tragically killed by an accidental gunshot while standing on the front porch of her brother-in-law Ellis’s home on the Jacksonville Highway, and Joe had died a year later.</p>
<h4>Scope/Content note</h4>
<p>The Moses and Romey Family Papers include materials donated by two granddaughters of Ellis and Fannie Moses. They are Teresa Bishop Angove, daughter of Helen Moses Bishop, and Sandra Moses Ryland, daughter of Norman Moses.</p>
<p>The bulk of the collection is photographs, which include pictures of Ellis and Fannie Moses, their children and grandchildren, Ellis's brother Joseph's family, and Ellis's cousin Nola's family. There are documents relating to Joseph and Adel's family as well.</p>
<p>To learn more about the Moses and Romey families see <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project and <a href="https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/collections/show/94" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection</a>.</p>
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Teresa Bishop Angove
Sandra Moses Ryland
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
circa 1911-2000s
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Teresa Bishop Angove and Sandra Moses Ryland
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Correspondence
Photographs
Emigration and immigration
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0044
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Moses2019071
Title
A name given to the resource
Article: "Probe Order Issued for Romeo Case" 18 May 1929, with notes by Emeline Romey Stewart
Description
An account of the resource
A copy of an article in the Florida Times-Union from Jacksonville, Florida titled "Probe Order Issued for Romeo Case: Governor Orders Investigation in Death of Man and Wife at Lake City". The date is 18 May 1929. The article recounts the timeline of events surrounding Nola and Fannie Romey's deaths. Their daughter Emeline Romey Stewart made numerous notes on the page in black pen, crossing out lines and notating her interpretation of the report such as whether she thought comments were lies.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 May 18
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Florida Times-Union
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lebanese--United States
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/jpg
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Crime
Florida
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/8fd7394c87cd24de082480eca012032e.pdf
2ce9bfba80257908655b4757c3f5a6b7
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290518_NR_5
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article in The Florida Times-Union
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in The Florida Times-Union, published in Jacksonville, Florida on May 18, 1929 "Probe Order Issued for Romeo Case: Governor Orders Investigation in Death of Man and Wife at Lake City". The copy of the article originally belonged to Emeine Romey Stewart daughter of Nola and Hasna Romey. Emeline made notations in pen on the article denoting where she believed the police and official's account of events were lies.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 May 18
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Florida Times-Union
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
Florida
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/74e23e0ffbe6fd82aef42604812de031.pdf
eecd4eeebe45ebc8eff9be4728e97f1c
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290524_NR_12
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Articles in The Lake City Reporter
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in The Lake City Reporter published in Lake City, Florida on Friday, May 24, 1929. The headline is "Woman Killed in Pistol Battle With Police Chief
Husband Taken from Jail, Lynched". The detailed article below is "Baker Recovering From Wounds Now at Home". The original microfilm cut the article off on the left side obscuring some text.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 May 24
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Lake City Reporter
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
Florida
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/9ac9d74603c7d764f93b14e1fbaafb3a.pdf
85d257e55cb7cc5f82a4dfa1d7855c81
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290524_NR_13
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Articles in The Lake City Reporter
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in The Lake City Reporter published in Lake City, Florida on Friday, May 24, 1929 "Baker Exonerated by Jury Investigating Pistol Afray". The article relays partial transcripts from the official inquest into the incident ordered by Governor Cartlton.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 May 24
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Lake City Reporter
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
Florida
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/aa09bc8e37b694927fa6bd56307df8b1.pdf
1e20dae204558741e82268772b3c0495
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290531_NR_16
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article in The Lake City Reporter
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in The Lake City Reporter published in Lake City Florida on May 31, 1929 "Chief Baker is Improving from Wound: Chief of Police Confined to Home But May Be on Job in Two Weeks--Shoulder in Brace".
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 May 31
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Lake City Reporter
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
Florida
Newspapers
-
https://lebanesestudies.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/files/original/277db4f3a8d0334ea5f1af51199b3e71.pdf
1b8bfe756b82049b553178db0e285856
PDF Text
Text
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Biographical/Historical note</h4>
<p>In the early morning hours of Friday, May 17th, 1929, a Lebanese immigrant was lynched in Lake City, Florida. He was shot multiple times and left to die along a lonely stretch of the road heading south out of Lake City to Fort White.</p>
<p>N'oula Romey (نقولا رومي) was the fourth victim of racial terror that year in Florida, and one of ten people who were lynched by white mobs across the US in 1929 alone. Just hours before, his wife Hasna (Fannie) Rahme was fatally shot by Lake City police in their store. Their tragic murders were the most gruesome and violent attacks on Lebanese immigrants in the US, but this was not an isolated incident. Their killing was a part, and the culmination, of a widespread pattern of racially-motivated hostility, vitriol and physical abuse directed at early Arab immigrants who came to, worked, and lived in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.</p>
<h4>Scope/Contents note</h4>
<p>The Romey Lynchings: A Story of Lebanese Immigrants collection includes primary sources used in <a href="https://lebanesestudies.ncsu.edu/explore/projects/romey-lynchings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Romey Lynchings</a> project.</p>
<p>Materials date from 1905-1932 and include newspaper articles and correspondence that contain accounts of anti-immigrant discrimination that predate the Romey lynchings, contextual material from the time period, racial violence, corruption in the law, and personal stories surrounding the tragic deaths of Nola and Hasna.</p>
<p>Researchers should be advised that m<span>aterials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.</span></p>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Emigration and immigration
Lebanese--United States
Lebanese Americans
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Sandra Moses Ryland
Teresa Bishop Angove
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-1932
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sandra Moses Ryland and Teresa Bishop Angove
Processed by Amanda Forbes and Celine Shay, 2019-2020. Collection Guide written by Amanda Forbes, 2020.
Collection Guide updated by Laura Lethers, 2024 February.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Arabic
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
KC 0046
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
This digital material is provided here for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
kc0046_19290607_NR_17
Title
A name given to the resource
Newspaper Article in The Lake City Reporter
Description
An account of the resource
Content Warning: Materials in this collection contain harmful content, including racist and white supremacist language, graphic descriptions of lynching, and other forms of violence.
An article in The Lake City Reporter published in Lake City Florida on Friday June 7, 1929 "Chief Baker Up".
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929 June 07
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Lake City Reporter
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lynching--Florida
Racism
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Text/pdf
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The donor retains full ownership of any copyright and rights currently controlled. Nonexclusive right to authorize uses of these materials for non-commercial research, scholarly, or other educational purposes are granted to Khayrallah Center pursuant to U.S. Copyright Law. Usage of the materials for these purposes must be fully credited with the source. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials.
1920s
Articles
Crime
Florida
Newspapers